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    A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE
    (Gunes Kitabevi Ltd Sti, 2020) Ozturk, Ahu; Tosun, Leman Pinar; Ozdemir, Gamze; Cavusoglu, Merve; Alparslan, Kenan; Polat, Dilan; Karlidag, Sercan
    Introduction: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale, which measures 2 forms of ageism, namely benevolent and hostile ageism. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 222 adults through an online survey. Participants completed Turkish versions of the 13-item Ambivalent Ageism Scale and the Implicit Association Test adapted for ageism. Construct validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and split-half consistency were also calculated. Criterion validity was assessed by correlating ambivalent ageism and its subscales with implicit ageism scores. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis of 12-items confirmed the original structure by exhibiting a good fit to the data (goodness of fit index = 0.93, p <.001, comparative fit index = 0.97, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.07). Internal consistency of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale and its 2 subscales were found to be satisfactory, with Cronbach's alpha being .89 for benevolent ageism (9 items), .79 for hostile ageism (3 items), and .89 for the total scale. Scale had a high split-half reliability coefficient (0.95). Implicit ageism positively correlated with ambivalent ageism (total score) and both benevolent ageism and hostile ageism (.22, .21, and .16, respectively). Except for cognitive assistance/protection, which was a sub-factor of benevolent ageism, no age and gender difference was found in any of the ageism scores. Conclusion: It was decided that the Turkish version of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale is a valid and reliable measure of negative attitudes toward older adults.
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    Öğe
    Mother to Mother: Mothers' Social Comparison-Based Emotions on Social Networking Sites
    (Psychopen, 2020) Tosun, Leman Pinar; Ozturk, Ahu; Ozdemir, Gamze
    Social networking sites (SNSs) are platforms where people make social comparisons very frequently, and because of those comparisons, they have the potential for evoking a wide range of emotions. According to typology of social comparison-based emotions, the emotions felt after social comparisons may vary according to the direction of comparison (upward vs. downward) as well as the internal process that triggered by those comparisons (assimilation vs. contrast). The current study aims to examine the mothers' emotions they felt after social comparisons they make with other mothers on the SNSs, and search out the usefulness of using the typology of social comparison-based emotions in examining those emotions. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted on 42 mothers between the ages of 20 and 48, who have been a member of SNSs for at least six months. Mothers responses to two open-ended questions; one is about the emotions they feel after upward comparisons, and the other is about the ones that they felt after downward comparison they made with other mothers on SNSs, were examined through thematic analyses. The results pointed out that the emotion classification offered in Smith's theory might be useful in examining the social comparisons on SNSs made by mothers, with the addition of some new categories. Specifically, it was found that some mothers feel doubts about the credibility of information in other mothers' posts, and some others denied they are emotionally influenced by social comparisons. Another interesting finding was that mothers reported to feel assimilative and contrastive emotions simultaneously.