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Öğe A comparative evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters of Nemipterus randalli and Pagellus erythrinus species living in Gokova Bay, Turkiye(Peerj Inc, 2025) Tezel, Rifat; Acar, Ümit; Yapıcı, SercanThis study aims to determine and compare the reference values of the haematological and biochemical blood parameters of two fish species collected from the Gokova Bay (Mugla, South-Western of Turkiye): the non-native and invasive Randall's threadfin bream, Nemipterus randalli and the native Common pandora, Pagellus erythrinus. Both species inhabit the same environment and compete for resources. Blood samples were collected from a total of 100 fish samples (50 N. randalli and 50 P. erythrinus) which were caught from a depth of 30 to 60 meters between February 2023 and July 2024. Therefore, sampling could be carried out in summer and winter seasons when the water temperature varies significantly. The results indicate that red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) levels significantly increases in summer (p < 0.05). Statistical analyses revealed that all of the haematological parameters of N. randalli are higher than the P. erythrinus (p < 0.05). In terms of serum biochemical parameters, glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TRIG), cholesterol (CHOL), total protein (TP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of two species had showed no significant difference in both summer and winter samples (p > 0.05). However, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of N. randalli were statistically significant different compared to P. erythrinus in summer and winter samples (p < 0.05). Additionally, the highest lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value was measured from N. randalli in summer sampling and this was found to be significantly different from other groups (p < 0.05). Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis revealed differences between the blood parameter results of N. randalli and P. erythrinus individuals. This study provides important data about the physiological adaptations of haematological and biochemical blood parameters of the two species to environmental factors. The similarity in haematological and biochemical parameters revealed the possibility that N. randalli could distribute to new habitats where P. erythrinus is distributed. This suggests a further potential distribution of the invasive N. randalli and the need for a careful monitoring.Öğe A comparative evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters between the Italian mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and the Turkish mullet Chelon auratus (Risso 1810)(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Fazio, Francesco; Saoca, Concetta; Acar, Ümit; Tezel, Rifat; Çelik, Murat; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yiğit, MuratThis study aimed to carry out a comparative evaluation of the hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and Wintrobe index parameters such as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), in addition to certain biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, scrum total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides), in the Italian mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and the Turkish mullet Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Accordingly, two groups of fish were used in this study: 30 flathead grey mullets, M. cephalus, caught in Lake Faro, Italy, and 30 golden grey mullets, C. auratus, caught in the estuarine channel system of Keycegiz-Dalyan, Turkey. Statistical evaluations (unpaired t-test) revealed that there were no significant differences in weight or total length values between the two mullet groups. However, the differences between all the evaluated blood parameters (except alanine aminotransferase) between the Italian and the Turkish mullet were significant (P < 0.0001). The present study demonstrated that there were significant hematological and biochemical differences between the Italian (M. cephalus) and the Turkish (C. auratus) mullet. Our findings also contribute to expanding the knowledge on the hematology and biochemistry of two different species of mullet originating from two different habitats. Since the evaluation of blood parameters represents an essential tool in examining the effects of environmental conditions on fish physiology and, consequently, on fish health status, further research in this field is encouraged and would be very useful.Öğe Dose-dependent hemato-biochemical and genotoxic responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to flupyradifurone(Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Yildirim, Onder; Acar, Umit; Tezel, Rifat; Erden, Yavuz; Bilge, Gokcen; Yapici, SercanFlupyradifurone (FPF), a systemic butenolide insecticide introduced in 2014, is increasingly used as an alternative to neonicotinoids, yet its safety for non-target aquatic organisms remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the acute and sub-lethal toxicity of FPF in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A 96-h static bioassay determined an LC50 of 140.47 mg/L. Fish were then exposed for 14 days to sub-lethal concentrations (1, 3, 5, 25, 75 and 125 mg/L) to assess hematological, biochemical, and genotoxic responses. Hematological analysis revealed significant, dose-dependent declines in red blood cells (1.71 x 106/mu L in control vs. 1.12 x 106/mu L at 125 mg/L), hemoglobin (8.34 vs. 3.34 g/dL), and hematocrit (26.08% vs. 13.73%), accompanied by reduced mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration at higher doses, indicating anemia and impaired oxygen transport. Biochemically, glucose increased sharply (102.21 mmol/L in control to 230.29 mmol/L at 125 mg/L), while triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin declined significantly, suggesting metabolic disruption. Hepatic enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) increased markedly, with serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase rising from 36.47 U/L in controls to 144.02 U/L at 125 mg/L, indicative of hepatocellular damage. Comet assay confirmed pronounced DNA damage at >= 25 mg/L, with significant elevations in tail length, tail moment, and % DNA in tail. Collectively, these results demonstrate that FPF exposure compromises hematological health, disrupts metabolic balance, and induces genotoxicity in common carp, even at sub-lethal concentrations. Incorporating both physiological and genomic endpoints is essential for comprehensive ecological risk assessments of emerging insecticides.Öğe Evaluation of an innovative and sustainable pre-commercial compound as replacement of fish meal in diets for rainbow trout during pre-fattening phase: Effects on growth performances, haematological parameters and fillet quality traits(MDPI, 2021) Acar, Ümit; Giannetto, Alessia; Giannetto, Daniela; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Romano, Alessandro; Tezel, RifatThe aim of the study was to determine the potential and sustainable use of pre-commercial product ITTINSECT™ APS V1 as a major protein source in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets. A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to potentially use ITTINSECT as fish meal replacement in the diets of rainbow trout. Five isonitrogenous in dry matter (38% crude protein) and isolipidic (15% crude lipid) diets were produced: a control diet (fishmeal-based) (ITT0) and four experimental diets replacing fishmeal by 25 (ITT25), 50 (ITT50), 75 (ITT75) and 100 (ITT100) %, with ITTINSECT™ APS V1. Triplicate tanks, containing 15 fish each (65.81 ± 1.26 g), were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice every day during the experiment. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly higher growth performance was observed in the group fed ITTM25 and ITTM50 diets. This performance was supported by growth-related gene expressions analyzed in muscle; significantly higher GH and IGF-I genes expression levels were determined in ITT25 and ITT50 when compared to control (ITT0) (p < 0.05). While no significant differences were found between the hematology values (p > 0.05), serum total protein, globulins and glucose levels were significantly different between experimental groups (p < 0.05). In addition to this, the immune-related genes such as TNF-α, IL8 and IL1-β expression levels were determined to be significantly different (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in order to achieve the best growth performance in rainbow trout and enhance sustainable aquaculture practices, replacement of fish meal with up to 50% ITTINSECT™APS V1 in diets for rainbow trout is suggested.
