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    Alternative solution for determining the irrigation water quantity: ETGauge
    (Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2025) Tas, Ismail; Kuzucu, Fatih Cem
    Measuring the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is difficult and costly. Some regions can have variable microclimates and these can often be quite far from climate stations. Therefore, it is optimal to use local measurements rather than a regionally calculated ET0. In this respect, one piece of equipment that provides cheap and reliable measurement results is ETGauge equipment. In this study, ET0 values measured with ETGauge equipment were compared with daily and monthly ET0 values calculated by five different commonly used empirical methods (ThornthwaiteAdj, Blaney-Criddle, Penman-Monteith = PM, Jensen-Haise and ASCE standardised Penman-Monteith = ASCE SZ PM). During the measurement period, daily ET0 values measured with ETGauge varied between 0-10 mm/day and the average was determined as 4.5 +/- 2.7 mm/day in the study area. In the calculations made with the empirical models, the change in ThornthwaiteAdj is 1.3-6.6 mm/day with an average of 3.8 +/- 1.6 mm/day, the change in Blaney-Criddle is 1.8-7.2 mm per day with an average of 5.1 +/- 1.4, the change in PM is 1.2-10.5 mm/day with an average of 5.8 +/- 2.7 mm/day, the change in Jensen-Haise was 5.8 +/- 2.7 mm/day with an average of 5.5 +/- 2.7 mm/day, and the change in ASCE SZ PM was calculated as 1.0-10.1 mm/day with an average of 5.4 +/- 2.5 mm/day. Considering the obtained results, the ETGauge equipment can be used safely in creating irrigation programmes.
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    Determination of Germination Threshold Value of Chickpea Varieties with GGE Biplot Method Under Different Irrigation Water Salinity Conditions
    (Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2022) Tas, Ismail; Tutenocakli, Tulay; Coskun, Yalcin; Akcura, Mevlut
    For sustainable agricultural production, besides drought, plant resistance to irrigation water and soil salinity should be investigated. Researchers mostly focused on salinity and drought resistance of common species such as wheat, barley, maize, etc. However, the number of studies on chickpea with various uses is quite limited. In the present study, 11 chickpea varieties (Aksu, Arda, Hasanbey, Azkan, Cagatay, Aslanbey, Inci, Seckin, 21C, 42C and EN1867) were subjected to germination tests under different levels of irrigation water salinity (ECi) conditions to identify irrigation water salinity resistant and sensitive varieties. In germination tests, besides control treatment (0 dS/m), five different EC levels (6, 8 10, 12 and 16 dS/m) were used in germination solution. The sodium absorption ratio of saline waters was adjusted to be below 3. GGE biplot method was used for visual assessment of genotype response to saline irrigation waters. The threshold salinity value for germination was identified as 12 dS/m based on germination ratios and seedling dry weights, 8 dS/m based on seedling stem lengths and 10 dS/m based on seedling root lengths. Based on germination ratios and seedling dry weights, Azkan cultivar was identified as the most resistant and Cagatay cultivar was identified as the most sensitive cultivar to irrigation water salinity.
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    Effects of salt and water stress on yield and Vegetative growth parameters of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
    (Parlar Scientific Publications, 2017) Tas, Ismail
    The present study was conducted to assess the response of lemon balm to irrigation water salinity, water deficits and excess water treatments. To assess the effects of different irrigation water salinity levels, 6 different salinity levels (EC = 0.25, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 4.00 and 6.00 dSm-1) with a sodium absorption ratio of less than 3 were used. To assess the effects of water stress, 4 different irrigation levels (75, 100, 125 and 150% of evaporation from Class-A pan) were applied. Two harvests were performed for salt and water stress treatments. Yields of salt treatments varied between 52.8-102.3 g/pot at the first harvest and between 22.3-49.8 g/pot at the second harvest. Yields of water stress treatments varied between 62.8-99.8 g/pot at the first harvest and between 35.3-55 g/pot at the second harvest. Plant heights varied between 32.3-47.3 cm at the first harvest and between 22.3-39.8 cm at the second harvest. The differences between the treatments were found to be significant in both treatments (P<0.05). It was concluded for sufficient drainage and infiltration conditions that lemon balm plants could be irrigated with irrigation waters with salinity levels up to 1.5 dS/m, SAR value of less than 3 and a leaching fraction of 20%. About 1.25 times of evaporation from Class-A pan can be applied to get the greatest yield levels. © by PSP.
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    EFFECTS OF SALT AND WATER STRESS ON YIELD AND VEGETATIVE GROWTH PARAMETERS OF BASIL (OCIMUM BASILICUM L.)
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Tas, Ismail
    The present study was conducted to assess the response of lemon balm to irrigation water salinity, water deficits and excess water treatments. To assess the effects of different irrigation water salinity levels, 6 different salinity levels (EC = 0.25, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 4.00 and 6.00 dSm(-1)) with a sodium absorption ratio of less than 3 were used. To assess the effects of water stress, 4 different irrigation levels (75, 100, 125 and 150% of evaporation from Class-A pan) were applied. Two harvests were performed for salt and water stress treatments. Yields of salt treatments varied between 52.8-102.3 g/pot at the first harvest and between 22.3-49.8 g/pot at the second harvest. Yields of water stress treatments varied between 62.8-99.8 g/pot at the first harvest and between 35.3-55 g/pot at the second harvest. Plant heights varied between 32.3-47.3 cm at the first harvest and between 22.3-39.8 cm at the second harvest. The differences between the treatments were found to be significant in both treatments (P<0.05). It was concluded for sufficient drainage and infiltration conditions that lemon balm plants could be irrigated with irrigation waters with salinity levels up to 1.5 dS/m, SAR value of less than 3 and a leaching fraction of 20%. About 1.25 times of evaporation from Class-A pan can be applied to get the greatest yield levels.
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    Grain yield and nutritional properties of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) grown with varying nitrogen doses and irrigation levels
    (Bmc, 2025) Ciftci, Beyza; Akcura, Sevim; Varol, Ihsan Serkan; Kardes, Yusuf Murat; Tas, Ismail; Kaplan, Mahmut
    Buckwheat has gained high demand and popularity worldwide in recent years. There are very few studies on the combined use of irrigation and nitrogen applications for the plant. In this study, the effects of different nitrogen dose (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1) and irrigation levels (50%, 75%, 100% of ETo value calculated with the use of evaporations from Class-A pan) applied via fertigation on water use, yield and grain nutritional properties in buckwheat were investigated. The study was carried out in 2020-2021 according to the randomized block design with 3 replications for two years. The highest grain yield was obtained with 100% irrigation level and 90 kg ha-1 nitrogen dose. The increase in nitrogen doses caused significant increases in crop water productivity (CWP) and irrigation water productivity (IWP) values. Plant water consumption (ET) varied between 339 (I0xN50) - 617 (I100xN90) mm. Yield response factor (ky) was determined to be between 1.32 for N0 and 1.49 for N30 according to nitrogen doses, and it was determined that the buckwheat plant was sensitive to water stress. The concentrations of significant constituents, including protein, resistant starch, and fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid), were augmented with elevated irrigation levels and nitrogen fertilization. In addition, mineral contents (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, P) increased significantly with increasing irrigation and nitrogen doses. As a result, 100% irrigation level and 90 kg ha-1 nitrogen dose are recommended in buckwheat cultivation for optimum grain yield and nutrient content. It was determined that these applications provided the most suitable results in terms of both quality and yield.
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    HEAVY METAL, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ADSORPTION OF COMPACTED LINER MIXTURES
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Gokalp, Zeki; Tas, Ismail; Uzun, Oguzhan; Kaplan, Sema; Basaran, Mustafa
    Nitrate, phosphorus and heavy metals are among the most common pollutants and create potential dangers for groundwater contamination. In this research, a liner design was proposed for waste repository sites, constructed wetland basins and manure management lagoons to prevent groundwater contamination by seepages from the bottom of these facilities. For this purpose, sand-bentonite and pumice-bentonite mixtures with pre-defined grain size range (1.00-0.50 mm) and bentonite content (30%) was used. The mixtures were compacted at optimum moisture content and maximum dry weight and then permeability tests were carried out over compacted mixtures. Various concentrations of nitrate, phosphorus (25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) and heavy metal (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr and Cu) solutions (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm) were used to saturate the permeability test samples. Extracts of permeability tests were used to investigate the adsorption characteristics of proposed mixtures for liner design. With regard to heavy metal adsorption, bentonite had the best performance because it is a clay mineral. Sand and pumice exhibited similar performances in lead and cadmium adsorption, but pumice had much better performance than sand in chrome, copper and nickel adsorption. Although sand-bentonite and pumice-bentonite mixtures exhibited similar performance in nitrate adsorption, again pumice-bentonite mixtures had much better performance than sand-bentonite mixtures in phosphorus adsorption. Current results revealed that pumice with macro-micro pore structure and resultant adsorptive surface characteristics could be used as an alternative of sand in liner design.
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    RESPONS OF WHEAT SPECIES TO IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY
    (Serbian Genetics Soc, 2017) Coskun, Yalcin; Tas, Ismail
    This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation water salinity level on chromosomes and shoots of wheat with three different ploidy level (diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid). Greenhouse experiment revealed that irrigation water salinity level had significant effects on shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot length and root length (P < 0.05). The effects of ploidy level and cultivar shoot dry weight and root dry weight were also found to be significant (P < 0.05), but the effects on shoot length and root length were not significant (P > 0.05). Negative effects of salinity on shoot and root were started at 8 dS m(-1). Also hexaploid wheat was more tolerant then tetraploid and diploid wheat to salinity. It was not determined that possible effects of irrigation water salinity to structure of chromosomes with current equipment and methods. Cell divisions were normal, but decreasing cell division rates were observed with increasing irrigation water salinity levels.