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    CTLA4+rs231775 gene polymorphism increases PCOS, regardless of the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the serum
    (Bayrakol Medical Publishing, 2023) Beyazıt, Fatma; Çiçekliyurt, Meliha Merve; Türkon, Hakan; Ünsal, Mesut Abdülkerim; Pek, Eren
    Aim: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a long-standing inflammation-related disease with increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory markers. By affecting inflammatory cytokine production, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA-4) polymorphism can alter the immune system and trigger distinct disease states. The aim of the study was to investigate if CTLA4 polymorphism is associated with PCOS, and if so, (2) whether this situation influences serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-alpha in PCOS. Material and Methods: CTLA4+rs231775 gene polymorphism with IL-6 and TNF-a levels were determined in 92 PCOS women and 88 healthy controls. Study groups were further subdivided according to body mass index (BMI) and the degree of insulin resistance (IR), and comparisons were made within each study group. Results: The prevalence of the A allele of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs231775 was more frequent in PCOS women compared with healthy controls [OR: 1.99, 95% CI:1.273-3.107, p =0.0023]. The heterozygous genotype was also shown to be strongly associated with PCOS development [OR: 3.041, 95%CI:1.604-5.766, p=0.0005]. Although TNF-a levels of PCOS patients were detected to be elevated, no difference was found in the study groups with respect to serum IL-6 levels. In addition, no association was observed between CTLA4+rs231775 polymorphism and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Discussion: The present study demonstrates for the first time that CTLA4+rs231775 gene polymorphism increases susceptibility to PCOS 2 times more in the case of A allele carriage and 3 times more in heterozygous individuals, independent from the long-standing low-grade inflammatory disease state encountered in patients with PCOS.
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    The acute effects of preoperative ozone theraphy on surgical wound healing
    (Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 2016) Şahin, Hasan; Şimşek, Tuncer; Türkon, Hakan; Kalkan, Yıldıray; Özkul, Faruk; Özkan, M. Turgut Alper; Erbaş, Mesut
    PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of preoperative rectal ozone insufflation on surgical wound healing over the proinflammatory cytokines and histopathological changes. METHODS: Twenty one rabbits were divided into 3 groups Sham, surgical wound, and ozone applied (6 sessions, every other day 70 mu g/mL in 12 mL O2-O3 mixture rectally) surgical wound groups were created. TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels from all rabbits were studied at the basal, 24th hour, and 72nd hour. The histopathological examination was done by removing the surgical scar tissue at the end of 72nd hour. RESULTS: TNF-alfa and IL-6 levels were significantly lower compared to the control group, in the rabbits treated with ozone. The increase in angiogenesis, the decrease in the number of inflammatory cells, epidermal and dermal regeneration, better collagen deposition, and increased keratinisation in stratum corneum were observed in the histopathological examination It was determined that the wound healing noticeably accelerated in the ozone group. CONCLUSION: Preoperative rectal ozone insufflation had a positive effect on surgical wound healing in acute period.
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    The Levels of Serum Mg, NO and IMA in Chronic Kidney Disease
    (2020) Bakırdöğen, Serkan; Demir, Sabire Ceren; Türkon, Hakan; Çakir, Dilek Ülker; Tok, Burak
    NTRODUCTION: In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, serum levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), are found to be higher compared to the normal population. As oxidative stress increases, nitric oxide (NO) production reduces linked to endothelial dysfunction. Magnesium (Mg) increases NO production by endothelium. The aim of the study was to compare serum IMA, NO, and Mg levels in patients with CKD (stage 1-4).METHODS: The study included 29 CKD patients with stage 1-4. Additionally, a control group comprised 40 healthy volunteers. Serum IMA, NO, and Mg testing was performed in both groups. Serum Mg was analyzed with the colorimetric method, IMA was analyzed with the rapid colorimetric method, while NO was analyzed with ELISA. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05.RESULTS: Serum IMA levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. (p=0.023), while there were no differences between the groups in terms of serum NO and Mg (p>0.05). In the patient group a statistically significant and positive correlation was identified betweenserum IMA and NO (p=0.023, r=0.421). There was no statistically significant correlation between serum IMA and Mg (p=0.96). There was a statistically significant and negative correlation between serum NO and Mg (p=0.02, r=-0.43).DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:Examination of the serum NO and Mg levels in CKD patients (stage 1-4) was not found to be beneficial to predict oxidative stress.