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    Evaluation of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzymes, intestinal histomorphology and gut microbiota of Black Sea salmon, Salmo labrax
    (Sciendo, 2021) Özel, Osman Tolga; Çakmak, Eyüp; Gürkan, Selin Ertürk; Coşkun, İsa; Türe, Mustafa
    This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil (EO) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal histomorphology, and intestinal microbiota of the Black Sea salmon juvenile (Salmo labrax). Fish were fed diets different levels of oregano EO such as 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1. For this purpose, a total of 675 fish were distributed randomly in triplicate into 5 experiment groups in 15 experiment tanks. Fish with average initial weights of 3.52±0.01 g were fed by hand at 3% of live weight for 90 days. At the end of the study, feeding with oregano EO supplementation did not significantly affect the growth performance of fish. Except for pepsin, there were no significant differences in the activity of digestive enzymes among the control and oregano EO groups. Besides, oregano EO at the doses of 50 or 400 mg kg-1 may have the potential to increase the surface area required for digestion by increasing intestinal villi length. Moreover, all doses of oregano EO showed antimicrobial properties by decreasing the count of lactic acid bacteria in the intestine. Supplementation with 100 and 200 mg kg-1 oregano EO in diets decreased the total coliform, Escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria counts when compared to the control group. The results showed that oregano EO may positively affect digestion and absorption without adverse effects on the growth performance of Black Sea salmon juvenile.
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    Evaluation of the health of Mediterranean mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) distributed in the Çanakkale strait, Turkey
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Gürkan, Mert; Ertürk Gürkan, Selin; Künili, İbrahim Ender; Acar, Seçil; Özel, Osman Tolga; Düzgüneş, Zehra Duygu; Türe, Mustafa
    The observation of mortality in Mediterranean mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) distributed in the Çanakkale Strait in recent years was influential in developing the research question for this study. In this study, the presence of bacteria ( Vibrio spp.) and parasites ( Marteilia spp. and Haplosporidium spp.) in mussels collected from Kumkale, Kepez, and Umurbey stations in the Çanakkale Strait was investigated seasonally. Microbiological findings, histopathology, oxidative stress enzymes and their gene expressions, lipid peroxidation, lysosomal membrane stability, and changes in haemolymph were examined. In summer samples, both the defence system and the extent of damage were higher in gill tissue. In winter samples, enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation were found to be predominantly higher in digestive gland tissues. Histological examinations and Hemacolor staining revealed the presence of protozoan cysts, and for bacterial examination, molecular analysis performed after culturing revealed the presence of 7 Vibrio species. While the total numbers of heterotrophic bacteria detected in all samples were at acceptable levels, the predominance of Vibrio spp. numbers among the total heterotrophic bacteria detected in almost all samples were noteworthy. The total hemocyte count was calculated as 5.810(4) +/- 0.58 (cells/mm 3 ) in winter and 7.210(4) +/- 1.03 (cells/mm 3 ) in summer. These factors are considered to be possible causes of mussel mortality.
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    The effects of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Essential Oils on Growth Performance and Digestive Physiological Traits in Black Sea Salmon (Salmo labrax PALLAS 1814) Juveniles
    (Ankara University, 2023) Özel, Osman Tolga; Cimagil, Recayi; Ertürk-Gürkan, Selin; Coşkun, İsa; Türe, Mustafa; Kutlu, İlyas
    The present study was carried out in the freshwater recirculating aquaculture system to determine the effects of the fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) essential oil on Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax). Fish were distributed randomly to 50 L experimental tanks, and 45 fish were in each tank. The experiment was triplicate in each group, and the results were averaged. Five diets of equal isonitrogenous and isocaloric content with 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 of fennel essential oil were prepared. Fish were fed with diets at the rate of 3% of live body weight four times daily by hand for 90 days. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with fennel essential oil did not have any significant effect on the growth performance. Supplementation with 200 mg fennel kg-1 increased lipase activity in contrast with control group. Supplementation with 400 mg kg -1 fennel showed similar results with the control group in terms of pepsin activity. The intestinal villi length of fish fed 200 mg kg-1 fennel was higher than the control group. The thickness of muscularis in group fed with 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 fennel was similar to each other and higher than the control group. Lactic acid bacteria were reduced by fennel essential oil supplementation. Results showed that fennel essential oil can be used in diets of Black Sea salmon without the growth performance.