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Öğe A research on cost analysis and determination of management data in paddy drilling with steel wheel tractor(Academic Journals, 2010) Cicek, G.; Sumer, S. K.In this research, management data were determined for paddy seed broadcaster being used with steel wheel tractor (John Deere 5625) in rice farms. Simple cost comparison between seed broadcaster and hand broadcasting was performed. Paddy drilling with broadcaster were refured separately for 540 and 540E power take off (PTO) options. Cost analysis was done for the two method. In conclusion average speed, effective field capacity and fuel consumption were found to be 9.47 and 7.57 km/h, 6.63 and 5.3 ha/h, 8.11 and 5.9 lt/h for 540 and 540E, respectively. Variable cost was found as 22.64 (sic)/ha for hand broadcasting, 3.47 (sic)/ha for 540 and 3.75 (sic)/ha for 540E. Equivalent cost of field was determined to be 10.15 and 10.3 ha for 540 and 540E, respectively.Öğe COMPARISONS OF 540 AND 540E PTO OPERATIONS IN TRACTORS THROUGH LABORATORY TESTS(Scientific Issues Natl Centre Agrarian Sciences, 2010) Sumer, S. K.; Kocabiyik, H.; Say, S. M.; Cicek, G.The objective of this study was to determine differences between the standard 540 rpm power take-off (PTO) revolution in tractors and its alternative, namely the economical PTO revolution (540E). Loads were applied to three tractors (JD 5625, NH TD85, MF 3085) with similar technical specifications, by means of a PTO dynamometer (Eddy-current) under laboratory conditions. Measurements were made of tractor PTO torque, engine fuel consumption, specific fuel consumption, and engine exhaust gas and cooling water temperatures on the basis of load (power kW) steps applied at a constant PTO revolution of 540 rpm. Data analysis showed an average fuel saving was performed with the 540E PTO of 27.18%, 18.62% and 15.88% for the JD 5625, MF 3085, and NH TD85 tractors, respectively. Fuel savings decreased with the increase in PTO load. Engine-PTO speed rates were also found to be effective in fuel saving. The torque values for the three tractors varied directly proportionally to the increase in the PTO load steps. Exhaust gas temperature data showed that coercions had occurred in the tractor engines when certain load values were exceeded when using the 540E operation (35 kW, 20 kW, and 30 kW, respectively for JD 5625, MF 3085, and NH TD85 tractors). In conclusion, the economical PTO operation was shown to have important advantages, particularly in terms of fuel and specific fuel consumptions for many power-driven machines.Öğe Effect of different harvest methods on olive yield and work capacity(Academic Journals, 2010) Cicek, G.; Sumer, S. K.; Kocabiyik, H.In this research, olives were harvested by four different methods (wood rake, wood stick, mechanical bough shaker + wood stick and electronic harvesting rake + wood stick) and an effort was made to determine their effect on olive yield. From the data obtained during a two year period, the method with the highest work capacity was determined to be the third method (mechanical bough shaker + wood stick), and the lowest work capacity was obtained from the first method (wood rake). When the average work capacities for two years are examined, the highest work capacity was obtained for the 3rd method (51.53 kg/man hour), followed by the 2nd method (31.43 kg/man hour), 4th method (28.01 kg/man hour) and the 1st method (19.19 kg/man hour), respectively. When the yield averages for two years are examined, the highest yield was obtained for the 3rd method (21.64 kg), followed by the 4th method (14.06 kg), 2nd method (13.64 kg) and 1st method (19.19 kg), respectively.Öğe Fuel consumption distribution for machine and tractor activities in some PTO driven machine operations(Academic Journals, 2010) Sumer, S. K.; Kocabiyik, H.; Say, S. M.; Cicek, G.In this study, fuel consumption values needed for the machine to operate (machine activity) and for the tractor to be able to move (tractor mobility) in field conditions in agricultural activities were determined for some PTO driven agricultural machine operations (turbo atomizer and disc fertilizer spreader). Besides, the effects of 540 and 540E PTO options on fuel consumption distribution were evaluated. Three different tractors (John Deere 5625, Massey Ferguson 3085 and New Holland TD85) were used for this purpose. In field experiments, tractor fuel consumption, PTO torque and power parameters were measured. These measurements were repeated under static conditions in the laboratory without changing the functions of the machines. In these experiments, the torque and power requirements were found to be higher for the turbo atomizer for both of the PTO operations (540 and 540E). Data analysis showed that fuel consumptions performed in the laboratory condition with the 540 PTO in turbo atomizer and disc fertilizer spreader operations for all tractors were 77.08 and 74.29%, respectively in average of overall average fuel consumption values performed in field conditions. Fuel consumptions for 540E PTO operation were determined to be 65.97 and 64.74% in average, respectively. According to the variance analysis, for all test tractors, PTO options and experiment conditions were statistically significant (P<0.01) on fuel consumption for each PTO driven machines.Öğe Price Analysis of Used Tractors in Canakkale Province(Univ Namik Kemal, 2008) Sumer, S. K.; Say, S. M.; Ozpinar, S.The control of machinery costs is a key factor in improving the profitability of a farm. On many farms 30-40% of the fixed costs can be allocated to farm machinery. For this reason, the purchase of a tractor is one of the most important decisions to be made on any farm. A correct decision will benefit the business considerably but the wrong decision will be an expensive mistake to be regretted for many years. There are two different way to purchase the tractors in any farm. One of them is purchasing the tractor as new one, the other one is purchasing the he tractors as used or second hand. are purchased as new in some farms instead of purchasing he tractor as second hand or used. The used tractor prices and market conditions should be evaluated for the correct agricultural machinery management decisions. Price analysis of the used tractors has to be used in hiring or purchasing decision. In addition to that, Optimum equipment size calculations require the price data of used tractors. In the scope of this research, second hand tractor price data gathered from the showrooms in the Canakkale province were evaluated. Before all else, general structure of second hand tractor market were defined by applying a comprehensive questionnaire to showroom owners. In addition, second hand tractor prices were arranged according to brand-model, age and power category.Öğe Quality properties, mass transfer characteristics and energy consumption during shortwave infrared radiation drying of tomato(Codon Publications, 2016) Kocabiyik, H.; Yilmaz, N.; Tuncel, N. B.; Sumer, S. K.; Buyukcan, M. B.The influence of infrared radiation intensity (1,830, 2,640 and 3,165 W/m(2)) and air velocity (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m/s) on product quality, drying behaviour of tomato and energy consumption were investigated. Five analytical models were used to investigate mass transfer characteristics during infrared drying of tomato slices. The drying time and specific energy consumption varied between 141 and 246 min, and 10.04 and 15.13 MJ/kg water, respectively, and were significantly influenced by infrared radiation intensity and air velocity. Effective moisture diffusivity ranged from 3.89x10(-7) to 6.67x10(-7) m(2)/s and was significantly affected by the process variables. Vitamin C content decreased, while lycopene content increased during drying. Total colour change varied between 7.92 and 10.87 for all drying conditions. The logarithmic model gave the best predictions for the drying characteristics of tomato slices for all treatments. Some drying conditions had quite similar results with respect to the operational and quality features.
