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Öğe Are policy shocks to forest products footprint permanent or temporary? Evidence from 128 countries(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Shahbaz, Muhammad; Akçan, Ahmet Tayfur; Soyyiğit, Semanur; Kılıç, CüneytSustainable environmental policies are important for future generations to live in a more livable world. Therefore, the environmental damage of the policies implemented is expected to be minimized. In this way, the effects of environmental shocks can be temporary. Rather than analyzing ecological footprint as a deductive approach, analyzing the smaller components that cause ecological footprint will make a different contribution to the literature. For this reason, forest products footprint analysis affecting ecological footprint was investigated. In order to analyze the permanent or temporary nature of environmental shocks, forest product footprint, which is one of the variables used in the calculation of environmental damage, is used for 128 countries covering the period of 1961-2022. We used three different tests in this study. Firstly, the PANIC unit root test, which developed in 2003, secondly the PANIC with sharp breaks test, which developed in 2009 and finally the PANIC with dummy factor break unit root test, which developed in 2022, is used to calculate the permanent and temporary of shocks. According to results of the PANIC with dummy factor break unit root test with two breaks and without trend effect, environmental shocks have a permanent effect in 110 countries and in the model with trend effect, environmental shocks are permanent in 103 countries. In countries where policy shocks are temporary, permanent structural reforms are needed to prevent deforestation.Öğe Economic Complexity, Ecological Footprint, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Findings from Selected Industrialized Countries(Springer, 2023) Kılıç, Cüneyt; Soyyiğit, Semanur; Bayrakdar, SedaThis article aims to approach the research related to the environmental Kuznets curve from a new and more holistic perspective. Therefore, while testing the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve, the ecological footprint as the indicator of environmental degradation will be used as the dependent variable within the model, while the economic complexity index used together with the per capita income and the trade-to-GDP ratio will be used as the independent variables. The analysis confirms the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve for the top nine industrialized countries in terms of the value-added by industry as a percentage of the GDP between 1970 and 2017. In addition, the study shows that economic complexity decreases an economy’s ecological footprint. According to the results of the causality test, there is a causal relationship from all the independent variables to the ecological footprint variable.Öğe Effect of Economic Complexity on Unemployment in Terms of Gender: Evidence from BEM Economies(University of Economics - Prague, 2023) Soyyiğit, Semanur; Bayrakdar, Seda; Kılıç, CüneytThe present study aims to indicate whether structural transformation has provided enhancement for the disadvantaged parts of society in terms of gender or whether it has been implemented at the expense of social inequalities in 10 BEM (Big Emerging Market) economies (Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, South Korea and Türkiye) in the period 1998-2019. The study also aims to understand the dynamics behind the connection between structural transformation and unemployment by comparing the results from each country. This paper also focuses on the effects of economic complexity on the breakdown of unemployment rates including female, male, youth female and youth male unemployment divisions. In the study, firstly, cross-sectional dependence is tested for all variables; secondly, the CADF test as a second-generation unit root test is applied; thirdly, the parameter constancy test is applied to each model, and then the models are estimated using the panel regression method with random coefficients. The study reveals a geographical distinction between the ten economies. Economic complexity significantly affects all types of unemployment in Poland, but it does not affect unemployment in Asian and African countries. The other result of the study is that even in Poland, the decreasing effect of ECI (Economic Complexity Index) on unemployment is different for women and men.Öğe Exploration on terrorism, ecological footprint and environmental sustainability in countries with the most terrorism antecedent: Accessing evidence from panel fourier analysis(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kılıç, Cüneyt; Soyyiğit, Semanur; Bayar, Yılmaz; Bekun, Festus VictorAmidst increased concerns for global security and ecological balance, the intricate interconnectedness between terrorism and environmental sustainability has attracted significant attention in the existing literature. To this end, the present study explores the interaction among environmental degradation, terrorism, and foreign direct investments in 17 countries with the most terrorism antecedents over the 2002–2018 period through the Panel Fourier cointegration test and the Panel Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality test. The present study also leverages recent and robust panel analysis for evidence-based results and inferences for policy formulation. The panel Fourier cointegration test presents the cointegration relationship between the outline variables under review. Empirical findings highlight that terrorism does not have a significant influence on the ecological footprint. However, foreign direct investment has a positive influence on the ecological footprint. These findings have implications for environmental sustainability and foreign direct investment inflows in the bloc investigated. More insights are discussed in the concluding section with policy caveats.











