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    Food Safety and Functional Characterization of Enterococci Strains Isolated from Sourdough Collected from Bursa Region
    (Bursa Uludağ University, 2024) Sokmen, Ozen; Düven, Gamze; Ay, Mustafa; Toğay, Sine Özmen
    In this study, the antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial activity of isolates obtained from 30 sourdough samples collected from the Bursa region were examined to determine the food safety and functional characteristics of the enterococci isolated from these samples. Additionally, the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as resistance to low pH and bile, were investigated. A total of 178 lactic acid bacterial strains were isolated from the sourdough samples, and seven of these were identified as belonging to the Enterococcus genus. These strains exhibited antimicrobial activity against test bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus aureus 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterococcus faecium M74, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 6538, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 ) and were found to be safe in terms of carrying virulence (agg, gelE, cylM, cylB, cylA) and antibiotic resistance genes (vanA, vanB, tetM, ermB, aac(6’)aph(2’’)-la). When the isolates' resistance to low pH and bile was examined, it was found that they remained viable at pH 4 after 3 hours, but did not survive at pH 2 and pH 3 after 3 hours. When examining their resistance to 0.5% (w/v) bile concentration, it was determined that they remained viable at levels of 6.2-7.4 log CFU/g after 24 hours