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    Dietray artichoke (Cynara scolymus) extract ameliorated the growth performance, humoral immune parameters and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2024) Mousavi, Shalaleh; Mohammadzadeh, Sedigheh; Mood, Sara Mehdizadeh; Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Sheikhzadeh, Najmeh; Kalhor, Naser; Moghadam, Mohsen Shahriari
    This trial investigated the efficacy of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) extract (AE) on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant parameters, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of goldfish (Carassius auratus). For this purpose, a total number of 470 gold fish with initial weight 5.70 +/- 0.2 g fed with four experimental diets including 0 (T0), 100 (T1), 150 (T2), and 200 (T3) mg kg v diet AE for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, growth performances, serum immune parameters, and mucus antioxidant enzymes were measured. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila, and the antioxidant and immunity-related gene expression were investigated. Based on the results, the highest final weight (FW) and weight gain (WG) attained in T2 and T3 (P<0.05). Immune factors including ACH50, lysozyme, and total immunoglobulin in T2 and T3 showed the highest values (P<0.05). The expression of GR, IL1 beta, TNF alpha, HSC70, HSP70, and HSP90 beta genes in T1, T2, and T3 were higher than the control (P<0.05). The GST expression was significantly enhanced in T2 (P<0.05). The present study demonstrated that the administration of AE, especially at doses of 150 mg kg(-1), could improve the growth, immunity, and antioxidant parameters, as well as enhance disease resistance against A. hydrophila in goldfish.
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    The anti-vibrio potential of medicinal plants and their roles in enhancing resistance against vibrio infections in fish -a mini review
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2024) Shohreh, Poulin; Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Chandran, Deepak; Yousefi, Morteza; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Yilmaz, Ebru; Sheikhzadeh, Najmeh
    Vibriosis is a commonly known bacterial disease that harms a range of finfish species, causing significant mortality and high economic loss. Chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, and synthetic chemicals are broadly evaluated as effective treatment approaches; however, global concerns have arisen with the aim of decreasing or limiting the use of these compounds for the prevention and/or control of bacterial diseases in aquaculture systems. Consequently, extensive research studies have been accomplished to assess natural products such as plant parts (s), extracts, essential oils (EOSs), phytochemicals, or aromatic compounds as potential substitutes for antibiotics. These additives are rich in phytochemicals (carotenoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids), vitamins, minerals, and others, which make them excellent feed supplements. This paper focuses chiefly on reviewing medicinal plants (herbal extracts and EOS) that possess anti-Vibrio potential (in vitro efficacy) and evaluating their ability to increase the immunity and resistance of fish against experimental challenges with Vibrio species (in vivo experiments). Furthermore, the role of herbal additives as adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of fish vaccines against vibriosis was also summarized. In brief, this review illustrates an ample number of medicinal herbs with effective effects on fish vibriosis. Identifying safe alternatives to ensure antibiotic-free and disease-free environments could be an initial step toward enhancing the sustainability of aquaculture and farming activities.