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    An empirical investigation of resource curse hypothesis for cobalt
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Yilanci, Veli; Turkmen, N. Ceren; Shah, Muhammad Ibrahim
    Natural resources are considered as one of the most important factors stimulating the economic growth and development of countries. The studies concerning the relationship between the abundance of resources and economic growth, namely the resource curse, are increasing day by day and have produced conflicting results, either accepting, rejecting, or partially accepting the existence of the curse. Since the last decade, cobalt chemicals demand has radically increased because of the usage of Li-ion batteries in consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Due to the increasing importance of cobalt as a resource, this study takes an attempt to explore the resource curse hypothesis for cobalt for Australia, Canada, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cuba, Morocco, Russia, and South Africa over the period of 2000-2018. The study employs second-generation panel data techniques in order to account for the dependency in the cross-sectional units and parameter heterogeneity. The findings of the study show that while the Democratic Republic of Congo exhibits evidence of the resource curse hypothesis for cobalt resource abundance, Canada, Cuba, and Russia reveal a positive relationship between economic growth and cobalt resource availability. For the whole panel, this study fails to find any evidence of the resource curse hypothesis in terms of Cobalt. Based on the findings, several policy implications are provided.
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    Corrigendum to “An empirical investigation of resource curse hypothesis for cobalt” [Resour. Pol. (2022) 102843]
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Yılancı, Veli; Türkmen, N. Ceren; Shah, Muhammad Ibrahim
    The authors regret The author Muhammad Ibrahim Shah has used the affiliation (c). “Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology (REES), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada” in this publication. However, since this work was not part of Muhammad Ibrahim Shah's thesis and not part of the work he does at the University of Alberta and no professors or supervisors from University of Alberta was involved in this paper, rather it was the result of his own personal interests, the author would like to remove the affiliation of the University of Alberta from this publication and replace it with the following affiliation: “Independent researcher, Edmonton, Canada”. He would like to replace his University email mshah3@ualberta.ca with personal email: ibrahimecondu@gmail.com. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
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    Identifying the roles of energy and economic factors on environmental degradation in MINT economies: a hesitant fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Yılancı, Veli; Candan, Gökçe; Shah, Muhammad Ibrahim
    Globally, research communities have been studying the different determinants of environmental degradation or pollution using different contexts and methods. In this study, we identify several energy and economic factors, such as energy consumption (EC), gross domestic product (GDP), energy production (EP), urbanization (URB), and foreign direct investment (FDI) as the most effective factors of environmental degradation by obtaining several environmental researchers' opinions and using the hesitant fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. In the later stage of the analysis, we use these variables as regressors of the ecological footprint (EF) as a proxy for environmental degradation. Since we find evidence of cross-sectional dependence among the members of the variables, we use second-generational panel tests. First, we test the stationarity of the variables using the cross-sectionally augmented IPS (CIPS) panel unit test. The results show that the regressors have different orders of integration. So, we employ the Durbin-Hausman panel cointegration test to test the existence of a long-run relationship between the variables. Having found a long-run relationship, we estimate the long-run coefficients using the common correlated effects mean group estimator, which reveals that energy consumption has an increasing effect on the EF in Indonesia and Turkey, while energy production has a negative impact in Mexico and Turkey. While GDP has an increasing effect in all countries, FDI has a similar effect in only Indonesia. Moreover, URB decreases the ecological footprint in Nigeria, while it increases in Turkey. Our approach to the evaluation of environmental degradation can be generalized to other regions as well as where there is a significant need to understand the roles of different drivers on environmental degradation or pollution.