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Öğe A critical review of molecularly imprinted polymer technology for aflatoxin sensing: Current status and future directions(Elsevier, 2026) Cetinkaya, Ahmet; Kaya, S. Irem; Demirbakan, Burcak; Unal, Mehmet Altay; Sezginturk, Mustafa Kemal; Ozkan, Sibel A.; Altuntas, Evrim GunesSince the first discovery and identification of aflatoxins almost 70 years ago, their occurrence, potential risks, and health hazards remain of great importance. Therefore, several chromatography-, colorimetry-, and immunoassay-based analytical applications for aflatoxin detection are reported in the literature. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have attracted considerable interest in sensor design due to their unique potential as synthetic recognition elements, providing high selectivity and excellent stability. These features help overcome the disadvantages of conventional sensing systems. The ongoing advancement of MIP-based sensors presents new opportunities for future applications and offers a reliable and versatile approach to meet the growing demands of current analytical research. This review focuses on studies published since 2023 concerning the detection of aflatoxins using MIP-based sensors, which hold a prominent and critical position in the literature. Additionally, this review addresses several limitations of MIP-based sensors, particularly in the context of aflatoxin detection, and discusses proposed solutions to overcome these challenges. Lastly, current advancements and future expectations in the topic are also highlighted.Öğe A Quartz Tuning Fork-Based Immunosensor for Detection of Kidney Injury Molecule-1: A New Working Electrode for Electrochemical Applications(Wiley, 2026) Ozkan, Seyma Senturk; Sezginturk, Mustafa KemalKidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a Type I transmembrane glycoprotein and is a potential biomarker for detecting kidney damage, as its urinary levels fluctuate in cases of acute kidney injury. In this study, an electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the first time using a quartz tuning fork (QTF) working electrode to detect the KIM-1 biomarker. The gold-tipped QTF electrode surface was modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). To construct the biosensor, extensive optimization studies were conducted on the fabrication parameters, followed by characterization and real urine sample testing to evaluate its applicability. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods were utilized in all electrochemical experiments. Morphological changes on the QTF electrode surface were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The developed electrochemical KIM-1 immunosensor demonstrated highly promising performance, exhibiting an exceptionally wide detection range (0.05-250 fg/mL). Furthermore, the dissociation constant (Kd) of the interaction between KIM-1 and its antibody was successfully calculated using the Hill equation, on the basis of the QTF-based system.Öğe Disposable electrochemical panel immunosensing systems for the simultaneous detection of potential biomarkers of ovarian cancer(Springer Wien, 2026) Bilgi Kamac, Melike; Yilmaz Kabaca, Aysenur; Yilmaz Cilcar, Merve; Altun, Muhammed; Sezginturk, Mustafa KemalRapid, low-cost, practical, disposable electrochemical panel immunosensor systems were developed for the individual and simultaneous determination of anterior gradient-2 protein (AGR2), folate receptor alpha (FOLR1), glycodelin (GLY), and soluble mesothelin-associated protein (SMRP), which are significantly increased in physiological fluids, particularly in ovarian cancer, and are potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of specific cancer types. To reduce the cost of the panel immunosensor system, the electrodes were hand-fabricated (HSPE), and then the HSPE surfaces were modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Surface analyses (SEM, XPS, FTIR) have confirmed that the sensor was manufactured robustly. The electrochemical characterization and analysis of the immunosensors were performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry methods. Optimal operating conditions (antibody concentration, antigen, and antibody incubation times) were determined for the prepared single immunosensors. Detection limits, linear detection ranges, selectivity, shelf lives, repeatability, and reproducibility of single and panel immunosensors were determined. The clinical validity of the multi-platform was confirmed by recoveries of over 95% in human serum samples and by ELISA. In this study, low-cost electrochemical panel systems that enable the simultaneous determination of AGR2, GLY, FOLR1, and SMRP biomarkers with high selectivity and accuracy, a wide linear range (1-500 pg mL(-)(1)), low detection limits, and good reproducibility were produced for the first time.Öğe Electrochemical bioplatform for the determination of the most common and carcinogenic dibutyl phthalate migrated from daily-use plastic products(Springer Wien, 2025) Aydin, Elif Burcu; Aydin, Muhammet; Sezginturk, Mustafa KemalDibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a typical plasticizer used in the production and processing of plastic items. Given that DBP is easily leached and discharged into the environment, posing a threat to nature and living things, a facile and feasible impedimetric magneto biosensor for ultrasensitive determination of DBP was constructed first of all by using epoxy-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a sensing platform. A magnetic field on the electrode surface kept the epoxy-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in place, and the particular interaction was conducted on the solid platform of magnetic nanoparticles. This sensing platform with a large surface area enhanced to attach a large amount of DBP-specific aptamer leads to a further increase in the sensitivity of the aptasensor. The DBP-specific aptamer was covalently attached to the epoxy groups of the 3-(glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPMS) agent standing at the magnetic nanoparticle surface without using any crosslinking agent. Meanwhile, the DBP aptamer attached to the as-prepared epoxy-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles via amide bonds specifically recognized the DBP analyte. The interactions of DBP with the aptamer on the epoxy-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were studied by different electrochemical techniques, and for the quantification of DBP, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized. In the best conditions, the electrochemical aptasensor showed good results for measuring DBP, with a broad range from 1 to 200 pg/mL and a very low detection limit (LOD) of 0.32 pg/mL. Importantly, the resulting aptasensor had excellent repeatability and reproducibility, desirable specificity, long storage stability, and high sensitivity, indicating its potential applications in food and environmental safety. In addition, the real sample experiments performed on the daily-use plastic products revealed the feasibility of the proposed detection approach.











