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    Effects of yeast culture addition (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to Anatolian water buffalo diets on milk composition and somatic cell count
    (Croatian Dairy Union, 2013) Degirmencioglu, T.; Ozcan, T.; Ozbilgin, S.; Senturklu, S.
    This study was carried out to determine the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) addition to dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition and somatic cell count in Anatolian water buffalo diets (AWE). The SC-treated groups (n = 5 buffalo cow/group) received 30.0 g of SC per buffalo cow per day. Compared to the control group, the SC-treated group consumed more total dry matter (P<0.05; 14.27 vs. 13.50 kg/day) and produced more milk/day (P<0.01; 7.13 vs. 6.22 kg/day). Dietary yeast inclusion significantly increased alfalfa dry matter intake during a 28-day lactation period (P<0.01; 10.41 vs. 9.81 kg/day) compared with the control diet. Yeast application significantly reduced the somatic cell count (SCC) in milk (P<0.05; 3.33 and 1.08 SCC (log (10)/mL) for control and SC-treated groups, respectively). The fat (58.40 and 59.00 g/kg), non-fat solids (120.00 and 122.80 g/kg), protein (46.40 and 46.26. g/kg) and lactose components of milk (37.72 and 38.90 g/kg) were similar for both groups. The response of the AWE to supplemental yeast addition improved forage intake and daily milk production but did not affect milk composition. In conclusion; it has been thought that farmers with AWE can benefit from the use of yeast cultures in early lactation diets.
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    Hay substitution with a field pea-based blended RDP-RUP compound supplement fed daily or on alternate days to gestating-lactating beef cows
    (National Centre for Agrarian Sciences, 2014) Senturklu, S.; Landblom, D.G.; Koch, K.; Perry, G.A.
    To evaluate a forage mitigation strategy, third trimester beef cows were used to determine the effect on subsequent beef cow performance when 28.1% of forage dry matter (DM) was replaced with a nutrient-dense pelleted rumen degradable protein- rumen undegradable protein supplement (RDP -RUP) fed daily (D) or on alternate days (Alt-D).In the 111 day study, one hundred seven,3-10 year old beef cows, were randomized to the following treatments: 1) all hay control group ©, 2) hay and strawforagethat was reduced 28% and replaced with a field pea-barley malt sprout-distillers dried grain with solubles supplement (PEA-BMS-DD GS) fedD at 0.25% of initial body weight(BW) or, 3) hay and straw foragethat was reduced 28% and replaced witha PEA-BMS-DD GS fed on Alt-D at 0.50% of initial BW. Control cows consumed 14.1 kg of hay compared to supplemented cows that consumed 8.10 kg hay, 2.03 kg straw, and 1.37 kg of supplement daily for a total of 11.5 kg. The experimental supplement that was fed supplied 61% RDP and 36% RUP. Reducing hay in the experimental diets and replacing it with wheat straw and the PEA-BMS-DD GS supplement fed either D or on ALT-D did not affect ending cow BW, body condition score, fat thickness, pre-breeding estrous cyclicity, reproductive cycle pregnancy, or the total percent of cows pregnant (P > 0.10). Control and Alt-D calf birth weight was heavier than the D supplemented group (P < 0.01). Calfweaning weight and gain did not differ (P > 0.10). Biologically, there was no difference between C and supplemented cows throughout the study and it was determined that one unit of PEA-BMS-DD GS supplement could replace 2.9 units of forage. On average, and on the basis of 100 cows supplemented for the 111 day period, 15.1 mt of supplement replaced 44.1 mt of forage (P<0.001). Compared to feeding the all hay C diet,the cost of replacing hay with wheat straw and the nutrient-dense PEA-BMS-DD GS supplement was $287.54, $304.44, and $302.43 per cow for the C,D, and ALT-D treatments, respectively. The slightly higher cost for supplementation in the drought mitigation strategy tested wasminiscule compared to selling cows to fit the available forage supply. These data suggest that adequate nutrient supply to the rumen and small intestine can be obtained when feeding a PEA-BMSDD GS on ALT-D and that the dietary strategy can be used to mitigate drought related hay shortages. © 2014 National Centre for Agrarian Sciences. All rights reserved.
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    Soil quality indicators as influenced by 5-year diversified and monoculture cropping systems
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2020) Feng, H.; Abagandura, G. O.; Senturklu, S.; Landblom, D. G.; Lai, L.; Ringwall, K.; Kumar, S.
    Increasing crop diversity has been highly recommended because of its environmental and economic benefits. However, the impacts of crop diversity on soil properties are not well documented. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the impacts of crop diversity on selected soil quality indicators. The cropping systems investigated here included wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown continuously for 5 years as mono-cropping (MC), and a 5-year cropping sequence [(wheat-cover crop (CC)-corn (Zea mays L.)-pea (Pisum sativum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]. Each crop was present every year. This study was conducted in the northern Great Plains of North America, and soil quality data were collected for 2016 and 2017. Selected soil quality indicators that include: soil pH, organic carbon (SOC), cold water-extractable C (CWC) and N (CWN), hot water-extractable C (HWC) and N (HWN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), bulk density (BD), water retention (SWR), wet soil aggregate stability (WAS), and urease and beta-glucoside enzyme activity were measured after the completion of 5-year rotation cycle and the following year. Crop diversity did not affect soil pH, CWC, CWN, HWC, HWN and SWR. Cropping systems that contained CC increased SOC at shallow depths compared to the systems that did not have CC. Crop diversity increased WAS, MBC, and urease and beta-glucoside enzyme activity compared with the MC. Comparison of electrical conductivity (EC) measured in this study to the baseline values at the research site prior to the establishment of treatments revealed that crop rotation decreased EC over time. Results indicate that crop diversity can improve soil quality, thus promoting sustainable agriculture.