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    An Adaptation Study of Measurement Properties for the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Team Inventory
    (Mdpi, 2018) Gorgulu, Recep; Senel, Ender; Adilogullari, Ilhan; Yildiz, Mevlut
    This multi-study paper reports the translation process and the validity and reliability analysis of the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Teams Inventory (CREST) for the use of Turkish population. In three related studies, 414 team sports athletes from Turkey were sampled. We adopted Beaton et al.'s (2000) methodology for the translation of self-report measures for cross-cultural adaption studies. The first study provided content validity for an initial item set as the preliminary study. The second study explored the factor analysis of the CREST structure. The third study explored re-testing of the explored structure in a different set of participants and criterion-related validity provided. The analysis of Study 1 revealed that the items were understood by the participants and ready for application for the general Turkish population. The exploratory factor analysis in the Study 2 revealed that the CREST had two sub-dimensions as it was in the original inventory. The Cronbach's alpha values for the dimensions of demonstrating resilience characteristics and vulnerabilities shown under pressure were 0.94 and 0.90, respectively. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.94. The confirmatory factor analysis in the third study showed that the structure of the inventory was confirmed in another sports context. Accordingly, the CREST is a valid and reliable tool for use by Turkish athletes and to measure team resilience that is one of the critical determinants of team performance. Further understanding of team resilience as a process can be gain by using the CREST, especially in future process-oriented research for team sports.
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    Examination of the Relationship between General Self-efficacy Beliefs, Emotional Intelligence Levels and Emotional Self-efficacy Levels of Students in School of Physical Education and Sport
    (Kamla-Raj Enterprises, 2014) Adilogullari, Ilhan; Senel, Ender
    The aim of the present research paper is to examine the relationship between, general self-efficacy (USE) beliefs, emotional intelligence (El) levels and emotional self-efficacy (ESE) levels of students in school of physical education and sport. 256 students in school of physical education and sport at Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University participated in the study. A model was hypothesized and model fit indices Were examined in AMOS. Significant differences were noted between departments of physical education and sports teacher and coach education in terms of positive regulation. Positive correlations were found between ESE, El and USE. The hypothesized model could not be accepted; however after applying automatic linear modeling, it was observed that El was the most important predictor of ESE. Consequently, linear modeling analyses have shown that El and USE are important predictors of ESE.
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    Exploring the interplay of coach behaviours, team resilience, support perception, and collective efficacy in young team athletes
    (Bmc, 2025) Adilogullari, Ilhan; Senel, Ender; Kerr-Cumbo, Renzo; Aydemir, Recep
    Team sports create a social-psychological environment that shapes athletes' responses to pressure and challenges. Belief in the team's ability to cope with demanding conditions is crucial for individual motivation and collective success, strengthening performance, social bonds, and psychological resilience. This study examines the relationships between perceived supportive coach behaviours, team resilience, and collective efficacy in young athletes. A total of 285 athletes from football, basketball, volleyball, and handball participated, with validated instruments used to measure coach behaviours, team resilience, perceived support, and collective efficacy. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) assessed the interrelationships among these variables. Findings showed that perceived support significantly influences athletes' recognition of supportive coach behaviours, enhances resilience, and reduces vulnerability under pressure. Collective efficacy was a key predictor of resilience and negatively correlated with vulnerabilities. Supportive coaching behaviours alleviated stress and promoted resilience, highlighting the importance of a positive team environment. Indirect effects indicated that perceived support enhances resilience through collective efficacy and supportive behaviours, underlining their mediating role in strengthening team dynamics and psychological responses. The study underscores the importance of perceived support and supportive coaching in fostering resilience and collective efficacy. Athletes who feel supported are more likely to demonstrate resilience and cope with challenges effectively. Coaches should prioritise supportive environments that encourage positive relationships and resilience, helping athletes manage stress and improve performance. Future research could explore the long-term impact of these factors across different team sports.
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    Investigating the impact of coach behaviours and coach-athlete relationships on psychological safety
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Senel, Ender; Jowett, Sophia; Adiloğulları, İlhan; Kerr-Cumbo, Renzo
    The aims of the present study were two-fold: (a) to examine the links between two sets of perceived coach behaviours (supportive and controlling) and psychological safety, as well as (b) to explore whether the quality of the coach-athlete relationship explains the link between the two sets of coach behaviours and psychological safety. A total of 295 Turkish athletes (42% female and 58% male) in team sports with a mean age of 21.69 (+/- 4.71) completed a multi-section questionnaire that measured the three main variables of the study, namely, coach behaviours, coach-athlete relationship quality, and psychological safety. Structural equation modelling revealed that both perceived coach behaviours (supportive and thwarting/controlling) and coach-athlete relationship quality predicted athletes' psychological safety in their team. Moreover, the quality of the coach-athlete relationship explained the association between athletes' perceptions of coach behaviours and psychological safety within the team context. The findings of this study contribute to growing research that examines the processes by which psychological safety can be nurtured in sports. While evidence thus far suggests that a coach orchestrates the environment, the findings of this study would seem to suggest that athletes, through good-quality relationships with their coaches, can stimulate the creation of a psychologically safe environment. The findings are discussed with a particular emphasis on future research directions and practical applications.
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    Qualitative analysis of elite football players' causal attribution to not playing: A perspective of attribution theory
    (Public Library Science, 2025) Ulas, Mehmet; Adilogullari, Ilhan; Senel, Ender
    This study explores the causal attributions of professional football players who experience reduced playing time or exclusion from the squad, focusing on the psychological and relational consequences of these experiences. Using a qualitative thematic analysis approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 elite football players from Turkey's top league, all of whom had represented the national team. The findings reveal that players predominantly attribute their exclusion to coach preferences and subjective decisions, rather than their performance. This attribution process often leads to negative emotional outcomes, including feelings of exclusion, loss of motivation, diminished self-worth, and identity confusion. The study also highlights that a lack of clear communication from coaches exacerbates these negative emotions and can strain both team dynamics and players' personal lives. Furthermore, the results indicate that prolonged periods of exclusion may result in decreased training effort and a decline in overall performance, creating a negative feedback loop. These findings underscore the importance of transparent communication and supportive coach-athlete relationships in mitigating the adverse effects of reduced playing time. The study contributes to the literature by providing new insights into the underexplored area of athletes' psychological responses to exclusion and offers practical recommendations for coaches to foster athlete motivation and well-being, even in challenging circumstances.
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    The Relationship between Attitudes towards Problem-based Learning and Motivated Strategies for Learning: A Study in School of Physical Education and Sport
    (Kamla-Raj Enterprises, 2015) Senel, Ender; Ulucan, Hakki; Adilogullari, Ilhan
    The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between attitudes towards problem based learning (PBL) and motivated strategies for learning of students studying in school of physical education and sport. 333 of students in school of physical education and sport participated in this study. Turkish form of motivated strategies for learning questionnaire and the attitude scale towards Problem-based learning was used to collect data. Collected data was analyzed in SPSS 22.0. Two different models were hypothesized and models' fit indices were analyzed in AMOS. Two models were hypothesized in this study and both models were accepted. Consequently, these two examined factor can be effective in teaching and learning.