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    A macrocyclic tetra-undecyl calix[4]resorcinarene thin film receptor for chemical vapour sensor applications
    (Springer, 2020) Sen, S.; Davis, F.; Capan, R.; Ozbek, Z.; Ozel, M. E.; Stanciu, G. A.
    This work demonstrates the fabrication of chemical vapour sensors using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) thin films, describing the thin film properties of a tetra-undecyl calix[4]resorcinarene molecule along with a discussion of their sensing performance. Atomic Force Microscopy and Surface Plasma Resonance (SPR) methods were used for the characterization of the deposited thin films. As evidenced by these characterization methods, high quality and uniform Langmuir monolayers were formed on the water surface and can be transferred onto glass and gold-coated glass substrates with a transfer ratio of over 95%. The gas sensing properties towards the vapours of four volatile organic compounds were also examined by the SPR technique. Tetra-undecyl calix[4]resorcinarene LB thin film is sensitive to organic vapours (benzene, chloroform, ethanol and toluene) with rapid response and recovery times, demonstrating promise towards future vapour detection applications, especially for the rapid detection of leaks or spillage.
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    A room temperature acetone sensor based on synthesized tetranitro-oxacalix[4]arenes: Thin film fabrication and sensing properties
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2020) Sen, S.; Onder, F. Comert; Capan, R.; Ay, M.
    Tetranitro-oxacalix[4]arenes were prepared to determine their thin film fabrication and gas sensing applications. Firstly, tetranitro-oxacalix[4]arenes (1-3) were synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic sub-stitution reaction (SNAr) using substituted resorcinol derivatives and 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with moderate to high yields. Later, successfully synthesized materials were utilized to construct thin films using the spin coating method and the characterization of the deposited films was performed with UV-vis and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Characterization results indicated that high-quality spin coated thin films were prepared using these materials. The sensing abilities of the spin-coated thin films of tetranitro-oxacalix[4]arenes (1-3) were tested using the SPR method for volatile organic vapours of acetone, chloroform, toluene, ethanol and benzene. High concentration sensitivity values of 0.0700 x 10(-3), 0.1001 x 10(-3) and 0.8653 x 10(-3) with normalized response/ppm unit for acetone vapour were obtained for thin films (1-3), respectively. The sensors obtained using especially thin films 1 and 3 showed high responses toward acetone even at low concentration ranges between 3.8-15.2 ppm. These sensors have the advantages of high sensitivity, reusability and reproducibility of results which make them compatible for practical acetone-detection applications. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Calix[4]amine Langmuir-Blodgett thin film sensing properties against volatile organic compounds
    (Iop Publishing Ltd, 2019) Sen, S.; Capan, R.; Ozbek, Z.; Ozel, M. E.; Stanciu, G. A.; Davis, F.
    Thin films of CBAMINE were deposited at air-water interface by the method of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique onto a suitable substrate. Atomic force microscopy technique was used to characterize its thin film properties. The results indicate that a uniform LB film monolayer from the water surface to a glass or quartz crystal substrates deposited with a transfer ratio of over 96 %. Gas sensing properties and thickness of the LB thin films of CBAMINE were investigated using Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Its vapour sensing properties were investigated for different volatile organic compounds. Reversible changes in the optical behaviour were observed and thin films of this material are highly selective for chloroform vapour with fast response and recovery times.
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    Characterization of Langmuir-Blodgett films of a calix[8]arene and sensing properties towards volatile organic vapors
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2010) Capan, R.; Ozbek, Z.; Goktas, H.; Sen, S.; Ince, F. G.; Ozel, M. E.; Stanciu, G. A.
    Within this article, we report the characterization and organic vapor sensing properties of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) thin films of calix[8]arenes. Surface pressure-area isotherms show that very stable monolayers are formed at the air-water interface. The LB film could be deposited onto different substrates which allowed the films to be characterized by UV, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that good quality, uniform LB films can be prepared with transfer ratios of over 0.95. QCM results showed that the deposited mass of calix[8]arene monolayer onto a quartz crystal decreased from 693 to 204 ng as the number of layers is increased. AFM studies showed a smooth, and void free surface morphology with a rms value of 1.202 nm. The sensing abilities of this LB film towards the development of room temperature organic vapor sensing devices are also studied. Responses of the LB films to various vapors are fast, large, and reversible. It was found that the obtained LB film is significantly more sensitive to chloroform than other vapors. It can be concluded that this molecule could have a potential application in the research area of room temperature vapor sensing devices. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Determination of the Amount of Cs-137 in the Sea Water Obtained from the Dardanelles
    (Amer Inst Physics, 2017) Ataseven, D.; Sen, S.
    After the Chernobyl accident, high concentrations of Cs-137 radioisotope reached the Black Sea through dry and wet fallout. Therefore, a number of studies were performed to determine the current activity of Cs-137 near this region in the sea water and in marine organisms. Cs-137 activity was determined in the Dardanelles sea water taken from three separate locations and two different depths for each location. The old data base obtained in our previous studies was updated.
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    Fabrication of plasma polymerized polythiophene and polypyrrole thin films as chloroform vapor sensors
    (Natl Inst Optoelectronics, 2009) Ince, F. G.; Sen, S.; Ozbek, Z.; Goektas, H.; Oze, M. E.; Capan, R.
    Polythiophene (PTH) and polypyrrole (PPY) thin films were fabricated via a plasma polymerization technique, using a plasma based electron beam generator Glass and quartz crystal substrates were used for the deposition of thin layers, at a pressure of 1 mbar The electron beam generator had a fast filamentary discharge formed from the superposition of an ordinary low-pressure dc glow discharge and high-current pulsed one. As conjugated polymers, PTH and PPY have been used as the active layers of gas sensors, due to their high sensitivities and short response times, A novel plasma polymerization method was employed to synthesize the PTH and PPY films. The characterisation of these films by UV-visible spectroscopy, and the sensing properties against chloroform vapor using different concentration ratios, were studied by the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) method. Our results show that these plasma polymerized thin films were found to be highly sensitive to chloroform, with a fast, large and reversible response that depends on the concentration
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    Langmuir-Blodgett film properties of based on calix[4]resorcinarene and the detection of those against volatile organic compounds
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Sen, S.; Capan, R.; Ozbek, Z.; Ozel, M. E.; Stanciu, G. A.; Davis, F.
    To determine their inherent properties, thin films of calix[4]resorcinarene (C11AMINE) were deposited using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique onto a suitable substrate. Prior to the LB thin film preparation, this molecule was first studied at the air-water interface. For the characterization of the deposited film, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used. Characterization results indicated that the Langmuir monolayer can be transferred from the water surface onto a glass or a quartz substrate with a transfer ratio of over 95%. This shows that this material is suitable for the preparation of high quality, uniform LB films. Later, gas sensing properties and thickness of these thin films were investigated using the surface plasmon resonance method. Thicknesses and the refractive index values of the C11AMINE films were obtained for differing number of layers. Then, the gas sensing properties towards vapours of four volatile organic compounds were examined: chloroform, benzene, toluene and ethanol. Reversible changes in the optical behaviour of thin films of C11AMINE were observed. It is found that thin films of this material are highly selective towards chloroform vapour, with rapid response and recovery times, making them suitable for practical chloroform-detection applications.
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    Optical parameters of calix[4]arene films and their response to volatile organic vapors
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2011) Ozbek, Z.; Capan, R.; Goktas, H.; Sen, S.; Ince, F. G.; Ozel, M. E.; Davis, F.
    The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique was employed to produce thin LB films using an amphiphilic calix-4-resorcinarene onto different substrates such as quartz, gold coated glass and quartz crystals. The characteristics of the calix LB films are assessed by UV-visible, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements. UV-vis and QCM measurements indicated that this material deposited very well onto the solid substrates with a transfer ratio of >0.95. Using SPR data, the thickness and refractive index of this LB film are determined to be 1.14 nm/deposited layer and 1.6 respectively. The sensing application of calixarene LB films towards volatile organic vapors such as chloroform, benzene, toluene and ethanol vapors is studied by the SPR technique. The response of this LB film to saturated chloroform vapor is much larger than for the other vapors. The response is fast and fully recoverable. It can be proposed that this sensing material deposited onto gold coated glass substrates has a good sensitivity and selectivity for chloroform vapor. This material may also find potential applications in the development of room temperature organic vapor sensing devices. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    p-phthalimidobenzoic thin film for volatile organic vapor detection
    (Natl Inst Optoelectronics, 2010) Sen, S.; Capan, R.; Ozel, M. E.; Hassan, A. K.; Namli, H.; Turhan, O.
    Thin films of the molecule of p-phthalimidobenzoic acid (FIBA) have been deposited by spin coating and are studied for application as sensing membrane for the detection of alcohols. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface plasmon resosnance (SPR) were used for the characterisation of the FIBA films. Alcohol sensing properties of the obtained films were examined using SPR measurements. AFM images show that FIBA films have the large surface roughness with an estimated roughness RMS value of 6.3 nm. Films with such compact and granular morphology are believed to provide improved sensitivity when used in sensor applications. The measured SPR curves were analysed by applying a least square fitting procedure using Fresnel's reflection theory. FIBA film used as a sensing element for the detection of saturated 2-propanol, ethanol and methanol vapors. Fast response and recovery for all studied analytes have been obtained. These results show that thin films made with this FIBA molecule are demonstrating good suitability for room temperature vapor application.
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    Phlebitis-related Peripheral Venous Catheterization and the Associated Risk Factors
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2018) Atay, S.; Sen, S.; Cukurlu, D.
    Background and Aim: Development of phlebitis is a painful and common complication in the application of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC). This is a prospective observational study performed to identify development rate of phlebitis in application of PIC and the factors that affect the development of phlebitis. Materials and Methods: The study universe comprises of catheters applied on inpatients in the internal diseases clinic of a state hospital, and the sample comprises of catheters eligible to be included in the study. Five hundred and thirty- two PICs applied on a total of 317 patients were reviewed. The patient identification form, information form for peripheral venous catheter and treatment, and visual infusion phlebitis (VIP) assessment scale were used to collect data. Results: 31.8% had phlebitis and a large number of them (79.2%) were Level I phlebitis. There was a significant relationship between having a chronic disease, duration of catheterization and type of fluid used and the development rate of phlebitis. Conclusion: The phlebitis in individuals receiving intravenous (IV) treatment was higher than the rate defined by both the centers for disease control and prevention and IV nurses society. It may be recommended to assess phlebitis by VIP assessment scale and to take preventive measures specifically for development of phlebitis.
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    Phthalimide thin film for methanol vapor detection
    (Amer Scientific Publishers, 2008) Sen, S.; Capan, R.; Ozel, M. E.; Hassan, A. K.; Turhan, O.; Namli, H.
    The thin film and sensing properties of a novel (N-phthalimido)-p-aminobenzoic acid (FIABA) compound against methanol vapor is investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). AFM results indicated that FIABA molecule is a suitable material to produce thin films by spin coating method, with compact and granular morphology. SPR results showed that thin films of this material are highly selective for methanol vapor with fast response and recovery times. Vapor exposure tests using SPR measurements clearly show that the novel FIABA molecules demonstrate a promising material in the development of room temperature vapor sensing application.
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    Thin film characterization of novel phthalimide materials
    (Natl Inst Optoelectronics, 2011) Sen, S.; Capan, R.; Ozel, M. E.; Hassan, A. K.; Turhan, O.; Namli, H.
    Spin coating technique is employed to produce thin phthalimide films using novel p-phthalimidobenzoic acid (FIBA) and N-(phthalimido)-p-aminobenzoic acid (FIABA) materials. Several spin speeds and various solution concentrations are chosen to monitor the thin film deposition process of these new materials. The optical properties are studied using UV-visible spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry methods. The absorption of the FIBA and FIABA films against the spin speed showed an exponential behavior. pi -> pi* transition is occurred. The thicknesses of thin films at 2000 rpm are obtained 15.86 nm for FIBA and 12.99 nm for FIABA using spectroscopic ellipsometry results.