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Öğe Carcass measurements and meat quality characteristics of dairy suckling kids compared to an indigenous genotype(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2010) Ekiz, Bulent; Ozcan, Mustafa; Yilmaz, Alper; Tölü, Cemil; Savas, TuerkerEffects of genotype on carcass measurements and meat quality were investigated by using 24 suckling kids from Turkish Saanen, Gokceada and Maltese breeds. Carcass quality characteristics of indigenous kids (Gokceada) were lower than those of dairy type (Turkish Saanen and Maltese) kids. Breed effect on ultimate meat pH, cooking loss, drip loss and Warner Bratzler shear force values were not significant. Meat samples from Turkish Saanen kids had higher redness (at 0, 1 and 24 h) and yellowness (at 24 h) values than Gokceada kids (P < 0.05). Breed had no significant effect on sensory characteristics except flavour intensity. Flavour intensity scores given to meat samples of Maltese kids were higher than those of Turkish Saanen and Gokceada kids (P < 0.01). In conclusion, dairy type breeds should be considered for meat production as well, with meat from Maltese kids potentially offering better colour and flavour intensity than that of Turkish Saanen kids. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of Birth Type X Gender Interactions and Inbreeding on Birth Weight in Goats(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2009) Savas, TuerkerIn this study, changes in birth weight of kids associated with birth type and sex, and the biological basis of difference in birth weights within litter and inbreeding depression on birth weight were investigated. The records from 1995 up to date of the Turkish Saanen goat herd of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University were used in the study. Single born kids were more advantageous to twin born kids in terms of birth weight (BW) (P<0.05). With respect to litter weight (LW), male twin kids were found heavier (P<0.05). The difference between birth type and sex groups in terms of birth weight difference within litter (LWD) was not significant (P>0.05). A 10% increase in inbreeding coefficient of kid resulted in a decrease in birth weight by 118 g (P<0.05). A similar increase in inbreeding coefficient of mother reduced kid birth weight by 330 g (P<0.05). Inbreeding of kid was important on LW (P<0.05), however LWD and survivability were not affected by inbreeding depression (P>0.05). BW should be evaluated as a trait of mother in terms of birth type x sex interaction. LW can be ignored as a trait in breeding programs. LWD trait does not have a biological basis. Inbreeding depression in BW reported in this study suggested that inbreeding depression should be taken into account in mating programs. In addition, intensive selection on BW should be carried out.Öğe Effect of weaning on behavior and serum parameters in dairy goat kids(Wiley, 2008) Atasoglu, Cengiz; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman; Savas, Tuerker; Gultepe, Mustafa; Ozcan, OmerThis study aimed at investigating the effects of weaning kids abruptly at an average of 55 13 days of age on intake, behavioral and serum parameters and, lasted for a total of six weeks; two weeks pre-weaning and four weeks post-weaning. Sixteen single kids with equal gender were used. Kids were only allowed to stay with their mothers for suckling (45 min/period) both in the morning and in the evening period during pre-weaning. Grower concentrate and hay were offered ad libitum. The duration of the study was divided into three periods for the sampling of behavioral and serum parameters; (i) pre-weaning period lasting for two weeks (P-BW) (ii) early post-weaning period lasting for one week (P-AW1) and (iii) late post-weaning period lasting for three weeks (P-AW2). Daily weight gain of kids gradually decreased as the observation period progressed (P = 0.001). However concentrate, feed intake increased from 0.154 kg/day in P-BW to 0.479 kg/day in P-AW1 and 0.499 kg/day in P-AW2, Water intake, rumination and standing behaviors decreased in P-AW2 (P < 0.001), whereas activity towards concentrate feed (CF) (P < 0.001) and roughage (P = 0.012) increased as compared to P-BW and P-AW1. Abnormal oral activity was not affected by the periods (P = 0.906). CF was significantly higher in females (P = 0.003), whereas males displayed higher lying behavior (P = 0.007). Glucose, total protein, Urea, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.001) and ALP activity (P = 0.003) were significantly affected by the periods. The results of the present study suggest that behavioral and serum parameters across the periods describe changes in the nutritional conditions as a result of the transition from milk to solid feed in association with weaning.Öğe Production Potential of a Natural Pasture Compared to a Wheat Pasture, Both Grazed by Lactating Goats under Mediterranean Climate Conditions(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2008) Hakyemez, Basri Hakan; Gokkus, Ahmet; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman; Savas, TuerkerThe aim of this study was to extend the grazing period using a wheat pasture that produced high quality forage, and to compare the productivity of natural and wheat pastures for grazing goats during a 3-year period (2003-2005) in a Mediterranean zone of Turkey. Twelve 3-4-year-old Saanen goats were allocated to each pasture (10 goats ha(-1)). Pastures were grazed for 2 months (May and June) in 2003 and for 3 months (April, May, and June) in 2004 and 2005. In the study, pasture yield and hay intake, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of the hay, and milk yield and milk fat percentage were determined. Pasture yield was significantly affected by pasture type (P < 0.001) for each year and the wheat pasture (5.34-6.51 t ha(-1)) yielded approximately 3.5-fold more hay than the natural pasture (1.48-1.88 t ha-1). Goats in the wheat pasture consumed significantly more forage in 2003 (P = 0.015), 2004 (P < 0.001), and 2005 (P < 0.001). Average hay intake in the wheat pasture ranged between 2.32 +/- 0.27 and 2.53 +/- 0.27 kg d(-1) in 2003, 1.42 +/- 0.26 and 3.35 +/- 0.26 kg d(-1) in 2004, and 2.69 +/- 0.25 and 3.33 +/- 0.25 kg d(-1) in 2005, whereas it ranged between 1.54 +/- 0.27 and 1.95 +/- 0.27 kg d(-1) in 2003, 0.79 +/- 0.26 and 1.79 +/- 0.26 kg d(-1) in 2004, and 0.81 +/- 0.25 and 1.60 +/- 0.25 kg d(-1) in 2005 in the natural pasture. Most of the interactions between pasture type and grazing month were statistically significant in terms of the CP, NDF, and ADF content of the pasture samples. In the first months CP content of the hay in the wheat pasture was higher than in the natural pasture, whereas this was reversed, especially in June. In addition, NDF and ADF content were not similar to CP content. In general, daily milk yield of the goats grazed on the wheat pasture was higher than that of those grazed on the natural pasture throughout the study. Milk yield was consistent with hay intake and milk fat percentage was inversely related to milk yield during the study. It was concluded that the wheat pasture had better potential for supplying nutrients to lactating dairy goats than did the natural pasture in spring.Öğe Slaughter and carcass characteristics of Gokceada, Maltese and Turkish Saanen suckling kids(Archiv Fur Tierzucht, 2010) Ozcan, Mustafa; Yilmaz, Alper; Ekiz, Buelent; Tölü, Cemil; Savas, TuerkerAim of the study was to investigate comparatively the slaughter and carcass characteristics of Gokceada, Maltese and Turkish Saanen suckling kids. Eight suckling male kids at 80-90 days of age from each genotype were used in the study. The kids were collected from dairy goat farms and slaughtered after lairage of an overnight period. Although the kids were at similar age and sex, the slaughter weight and chilled carcass weight of indigenous Gokceada kids were lower than those of Maltese and Turkish Saanen kids (P<0.001). Chilled dressing percentage calculated according to empty body weight was 48.97% in Gokceada, 51.32% in Maltese and 52.35% in Turkish Saanen kids (P<0.001). There were not statistically significant differences among the breeds in terms of neck, shoulder, ribs and long leg percentages, musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) section area and back fat thickness (P>0.05). While there were significant differences between breeds in terms of muscle, bone and fat weights in half carcass on the side of Turkish Saanen and Maltese kids, the differences between the genotypes were not significant for percentages of muscle, bone and fat. The carcass structure of suckling kids was small and meat production was low, however, they had very little fat in the carcass. It was concluded that Maltese and Turkish Saanen kids were favourable than Gokceada kids in terms of suckling kid meat production.
