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    Effect of beak length on feed intake in pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica)
    (Univ Federation Animal Welfare, 2007) Savas, T.; Konyali, C.; Das, G.; Yurtman, I. Y.
    This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of beak length on feed intake with regard to animal welfare. The study involved two treatments groups; short beak pigeons (G-SB; n = 7) and normal beak pigeons (G-NB; n = 7) and was carried out in two consecutive trials. Daily feed consumption, meal length and behavioural traits such as aggressive pecking, preening, resting and locomotor activity were recorded under different feeding conditions. In Trial 1 the birds had free access to food material during a single feeding period each day, whereas in Trial II feeding was terminated when a pigeon from any of the groups that stopped eating first, moved towards water. It took a longer time for the pigeons in the G-SB group to consume the same amount of feed. Furthermore, the pigeons in G-S8 were affected significantly in Trial II and lost bodyweight more compared to G-NB. Although no significant difference between the groups on frequency of aggressive pecking during feeding was found in Trial I, restricted feeding significantly increased the frequency of aggressive pecking in the G-SB group in Trial II. The results of the present study suggest that short beak, which is a side-effect of artificial selection for aesthetic purposes, can cause serious welfare problems under restricted environmental conditions.
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    Fertility Traits of Holstein Cows Raised at Sarimsakli State Farm
    (Univ Namik Kemal, 2007) Tuna, Y. T.; Gurcan, E. K.; Savas, T.
    The present research was carried out to determine some fertility traits in Holstein cows raised at Sarimsakli State Farm. Reproductive performance records within the period from 1983 to 2003 of 764 Holstein cows raised at the farm were constituted the research material. Effect of years on First Breeding Age (FBA), First Calving Age (FCA) and Calving Interval(CI) were significant(P<0,01). Effect of Season on CI was significant (P<0,05), however on FBA and FCA were not significant(P>0,05). Effects of Lactation Length (LL) and FCA on CI was not significant(P>0.05). Effect of FBA on FCA was significant(P<0,01). Overall means for FBA, FCA and CI were found as; 18,98 +/- 2,73 month, 28,15 +/- 2,50 month and 407,07 +/- 78,59 day, respectively.
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    Growth, behavioural and haematological responses to poultry red mite infestation in Japanese quail
    (Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2020) Erdem, H.; Konyali, C.; Akbag, H. I.; Savas, T.
    The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of poultry red mite (PRM) infestation on Japanese quail. Two trials were carried out under same conditions, each using 80 one-week-old quail chicks. Half of the chicks were experimentally infested with PRM and the other half functioned as control group. The conditions of the two trial rooms were the same. Low infestation was observed in Trial I, while high infestation was seen in Trial II. Live weight (LW) and daily feed intake (DFI) were not significantly affected in Trial I (P = 0.2190). However, infested birds scratched themselves 2.46 times more than the control birds (P = 0.0002). Haemoglobin (Hg) of control and infested birds were 9.58 g.dl(-1) and 7.72 g.dl(-1) (P = 0.0017), and eosinophil proportions 5.79% and 18.58% (P = 0.0004), respectively. In Trial II differences of LW between control and infested birds reached a significant level at the 5th week (P = 0.0038). DFI of control birds was higher than in infested birds (P < 0.0001). Infested birds showed 4.22 times more scratching behaviour than the control (P = 0.0003). Hg, erythrocyte and haematocrit were 5.52 g.dl(-1), 1.79.10(6).mu l(-1) and 29.36% in infested birds, respectively; 11.28 g.dl(-1), 3.78.10(6).mu l(-1) and 43.47% in the control (P = 0.0001). Ratio of the spleen to carcass weight was 0.08% in control and 0.10% in infested birds (P = 0.0595). The ratio of gizzard to carcass weight was higher in infested birds (P = 0.0008). A higher mortality in infested birds was observed in Trial II compared to Trial I (P < 0.0001). The carcasses of infested birds showed lower dry matter content than carcasses of control birds (P = 0.0006). In conclusion, a low level of infestation did not lead to major negative effects, but decreased haemoglobin levels and increased scratching behaviour of the infested birds, indicating a negative impact on welfare. However, high infestations of PRM had severe effects on the quail.
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    Multiple-trait genetic analyses of racing Performances of German trotters with disentanglement of genetic and driver effects
    (Copernicus GmbH, 2001) Röhe, R.; Savas, T.; Brka, M.; Willms, F.; Kalm, E.
    The objectives of this study were the analysis of the effect of driver on racing Performances of trotters and development of a genetic model in order to estimate genetic parameters for German trotters. Data on 6,611 trotters with 163,322 records during 1997 and 1999 were analysed with a repeatability animal model using each individual start of trotters and pedigree information of up to 11 generations (13,202 horses). Besides the driver effect, the genetic model included year-season, age and sex of trotter, racing track, distance and condition of race track as fixed effects as well as additive genetic and permanent environmental effects as random effects. Traits analysed were Square root. of rank at finish, racing time per km and the logarithms of earnings per start. Ignoring the effect of driver resulted in an overestimation of heritability of 60, 24 and 44% for rank at finish, racing time and earnings, respectively, which shows the necessity to include the driver effect in the model. Drivers regarded as fixed or random effects resulted in a marginal change in parameters. Heritabilities based on the model with fixed driver effect were 0.05, 0.29 and 0.09 for ranks at finish, racing time and earnings, respectively. Genetic correlation between rank and racing time was 0,81. Both traits were highly correlated with earnings of -0.98 and -0.89 for ranking and racing time, respectively. Most important trait for selection of racing Performance was the racing time due to its substantial higher heritability and its high genetic correlation to earnings. Additionally, rank at finish has to be included in the breeding goal because it reflects more the potential of trotters to win at finish and accounts for records without earnings. © 2018 Copernicus GmbH.