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    A randomized controlled trial to test efficacy of digital enhancements of storybooks in support of narrative comprehension and word learning
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2019) Sari, Burcu; Basal, Handan Asude; Takacs, Zsofia K.; Bus, Adriana G.
    Experiments with film-like story presentations have been found to be beneficial in supporting children's story comprehension and word learning. The main goal of the current study was to disentangle the effects of visual and auditory enhancements in digital books. Participants were 99 typically developing children (41 boys and 58 girls) aged 4-6 years from two public kindergartens in Bursa, Turkey. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with a control group and four experimental conditions that included all possible combinations: static illustrations with and without music/sounds and animated illustrations with and without music/sounds. In each experimental condition, children read two different storybooks twice, each time in small group sessions of 2 or 3 children. The posttest included, apart from story comprehension, expressive and receptive vocabulary tests of book-based words. Story comprehension, not word learning, benefited from visual enhancements in digital books. Music and background sounds did not stimulate story comprehension and even had a negative effect on receptive vocabulary. To explain the findings, we refer to multimedia learning principles such as temporal contiguity. Consequences for a digital storybook format are discussed. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    The Phonological Awareness Scale of Early Childhood Period (PASECP) Development and Psychometric Features
    (Edam, 2013) Sari, Burcu; Acar, Ebru Aktan
    This study has two main aims. The first aim of the study is to develop a scale for determining early childhood period phonological awareness skills, and to put forward the validity-reliability of this scale. The second aim is to determine the norm values of this scale developed for the Marmara Region. For this reason, the research has been carried out with a general screening model. The validity and reliability of the items developed, consisting of seventy eight items, are tested with the study group which is comprised of 60-72 months old children. In the norm study of the research, the target population is composed of children at 60-72 months age range residing within the cities of Istanbul, Bursa, Balikesir, Kocaeli and Canakkale located in the Marmara Region, and receiving education in pre-school institutions in the school year from 2011 to 2012. In addition, 27 children who do not receive pre-school education are selected to determine the structural validity of the scale developed. Thus, the number of samples reaches 733. Factor loads of the seventy eight items containing within the 8 factors determined prior to the research in the sub-factor they take place are between the range of .30-.84. Test-retest coefficients of the scale vary between .975 and .433. Internal consistency coefficients of the total grades of the scale is between .9611 (Cronbach alpha) and .8474 (Guttman). As a result, it is accepted that the psychometric feature of the scale is sufficient. As a result of the norm analyses of the research, it is put forward that phonological awareness skill tends to correlate with the increasing socio-economic status of parents.