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    Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Chicken in Turkey
    (Korean Soc Food Science Animal Resources, 2018) Sanlibaba, Pinar; Tezel, Basar Uymaz; Senturk, Esra
    The aim of the present work was to provide information about Enterococcus strains isolated from pre-packaged chicken samples in Ankara (Turkey), focusing on their prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, and antibiotic resistance. We report the first study on the occurrence of antibiotic resistant enterococci in pre-packaged chicken samples in Ankara. A total of 97 suspicious enterococcal isolates were identified from 122 chicken samples. All isolates were identified to species level by phenotypic and molecular methods. In the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, Enterococcus faecium (61.85%) and Enterococcus faecalis (38.15%) were found to be the most frequently detected Enterococcus spp. Of the 97 isolates tested for hemolytic activity, 12.37% enterococcal strains were beta-hemolytic. beta-Hemolysin was most prevalent among E. faecium (58.33%) compared to E. faecalis (41.66%). Disk diffusion method was used for determining of antibiotic resistance. The analysis of the antimicrobial resistance of the 97 Enterococcus isolates revealed that the resistance to kanamycin (98.96%), rifampicin (80.41%) and ampicillin (60.82%) was most frequent. Furthermore, resistance to erythromycin (38.14%) and ciprofloxacin (34.02%) was also observed. The frequencies of resistance to tetracycline (9.27%), penicillin G (8.24%), and chloramphenicol (3.09%), gentamicin (2.06%) and streptomycin (1.03%) were low. None of the isolates was resistant to vancomycin. Multi-drug resistance was found in 97.93% of Enterococcus strains. E. faecium strains showed a more resistant phenotype than E. faecalis strains according to the antibiotic resistance levels. The results of this study indicated that chicken meat is a potential reservoir for the transmission of antibiotic resistance from animals to humans.
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    Friend or foe? A critical evaluation of compositional quality and antibiotic resistance profiles of probiotic dietary supplements in Türkiye
    (Codon Publications, 2025) Seyirt, Seda; Uymaz Tezel, Başar; Sanlibaba, Pinar
    This study analyzed 10 commercial probiotic dietary supplements for the enumeration and identification of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, as well as their antibiotic resistance profiles. The isolated strains were identified using molecular methods, and their resistance to 18 antibiotics was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Four of the tested products had a lower number of viable bacteria than stated on the label. A total of 13 presumptive lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains were identified using molecular methods. The results showed discrepancies between the bacterial species listed on the labels of some products and the actual strains present. All of the Lactobacillus strains were resistant to methicillin, cefoxitin, and vancomycin. Furthermore, low levels of resistance to cefazolin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, kanamycin, and trimethoprim was observed in Lactobacillus spp. All Bifidobacterium strains were resistant to methicillin and vancomycin. In addition, Bifidobacterium spp. strains that were resistant to cefazolin, cefoxiti, kanamycin, norfloxacin, ampicillin, clindamycin, enrofloxacin, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin were determined. Multidrug resistance was found in all Lactobacillus and Bifdobacterium strains. Finally, MDR rates were found to be 100% in both Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. The MAR index indicated a high-risk source of contamination for most strains, with 11 out of 13 strains exceeding the threshold of 0.2. These findings emphasize the critical role of precise labeling in fostering consumer trust and enabling informed decision-making. Antibiotic resistance should be regarded a significant part of the safety assessment of probiotics. Novel approaches will be essential for addressing MDR bacteria. MAR index findings highlight the need for stricter quality control in probiotic product labeling and a closer examination of antibiotic resistance in probiotic strains, given their potential implications for health and safety.
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    THE ROLE OF PROBIOTICS ON SLOWING DOWN br THE AGING PROCESS
    (Poznan Univ Life Sciences, 2022) Sanlibaba, Pinar; Toprak, Zehra Tugce; Tezel, Basar Uymaz
    The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is one of the most complex ecosystems in nature that are mainly comprised of bacteria and other microbes like fungi, protozoa, and viruses. More than 1000 bacterial species have been reported in the gut microbiome, of which most of these species belong to Firmicutes (31.1%), Proteobacteria (29.5%), Actinobacteria (25.9%), or Bacteroidetes (7.1%) phylum. A symbiotic relationship, which plays a critical role in host health, exists between intestinal microflora and its host. With aging, the intestinal microbiota profile changes are observed, generally characterized by the decrease in biodiversity, carriage of commensals, and enrichment of opportunistic pathogens. The dysbiosis associated with aging in the gut microbiota increases the risk of several diseases. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host and play crucial functions in improving gut health and disease in all age groups, particularly the elderly induvial. This review focuses on the promising effects of probiotics on slowing down the aging process, treating age-related diseases, and improving the quality of life in light of the current clinical studies.