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    Effects of 8-week Tabata training on cardiopulmonary and performance parameters in wheelchair basketball players: A controlled study
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Sanal, Alperen; Ozen, Gokmen
    Background: Wheelchair basketball (WB) is a physically demanding sport requiring the development of various physiological and performance-related parameters. High-intensity interval training methods, such as Tabata, are increasingly used to enhance athletic performance. However, their specific effects on WB players remain underexplored. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the physiological effects of an 8-week Tabata training program on WB players. Fifteen male WB athletes over the age of 18 were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 8) or a control group (n = 7). The experimental group performed Tabata training twice weekly following their regular WB sessions. Each session consisted of 1 set of 8 repetitions, including 20 seconds of activity and 10 seconds of rest. The control group continued their standard training regimen. Pre- and posttest evaluations included physiological parameters such as respiratory function (FEV1, forced vital capacity [FVC], maximum voluntary ventilation), heart rate (resting and maximal), blood lactate, oximetry, body composition, and sprint performance. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in maximal heart rate, FEV1 %, FEV1/VC, FEV1/VC %, MVV %, maximal blood lactate, body weight, and 20 m sprint performance (P < .05). No significant differences were found in resting heart rate, resting and maximal oximetry, FVC, FVC %, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEV1/FVC %, RAST (minimum, maximum, average power), or anaerobic power (P > .05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that Tabata training positively affects maximal heart rate, respiratory function, lactate response, body weight, and sprint performance in WB players. The program appears to enhance lactate tolerance and maximal ventilatory capacity, potentially improving oxygen intake during high-intensity efforts. These results suggest that Tabata training can be a valuable addition to the training routines of WB athletes.
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    Morphological and Postural Characteristics of MarathonRunners: A Large-Scale Field Study from the Gallipoli Marathon
    (Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2025) Sanal, Alperen; Acak, Mahmut; Yalcin, Ebru; Acar, Kaan Baris
    This study was conducted to examine the morphological characteristics of marathon athletes according to foot biomechanics, age group and regular exercise status. Runners who participated in the Gallipoli Marathon organized in 2024includedwere in the study. In this context, 571 (300 male, 271 female) marathon runners aged 18 and over participated in the study.Aresearchmixed design was used in the study. In this context, morphological measurements and foot posture of the runners were analyzed.5SPSS 2 program was used for data analysis. The normality test of the data was performed with Skewness-Kurtosis values. In the findings,research no significant difference was found in morphological characteristics according to foot posture status (p>0.05). Significantdiferenceswere found in body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (Fat%), fat mass (Fat Mass), fat free mass (FFM), total body mass (TBM), ArchStaheli Index (p<0.05), while no significant difference was found in basal metabolic rate (BMR) (p>0.05). According to age groups, significant differences were found in BMI, Fat%, Fat Mass, FFM, CPC, Staheli Arch Index (p<0.05), while no difference was found in basal metabolic rate (p>0.05). As a result of the research, it was seen that regular exercise and age group were effective in the morphologicalcharacteristics of marathon runners, but flat feet were not effective.
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    Sex-Specific Associations Between 2D:4D Digit Ratio and Physical Fitness in Prepubertal Children: Evidence from Standardized Agility, Strength, and Endurance Assessments
    (Mdpi, 2025) Akgul, Fatih; Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Ciftci, Rukiye; Eken, Ozgur; Car, Bekir; Sanal, Alperen; Aldhahi, Monira I.
    Background: The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) serves as a non-invasive proxy for prenatal androgen exposure. While its relationship with adult athletic ability is well documented, evidence for its association with childhood physical fitness remains inconsistent, and links between 2D:4D and objective fitness measures in prepubertal children are unclear. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 338 prepubertal children (181 girls, 157 boys; aged 5-12 years) underwent precise measurement of right- and left-hand 2D:4D ratios (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.94). Physical fitness was evaluated using standardized tests: the Illinois agility run, bent-arm hang, and standing long jump. Results: Among boys, higher 2D:4D ratios were modestly associated with prolonged bent-arm hang performance (beta = 0.19, q = 0.04) and shorter Illinois agility times (beta = -0.19, q = 0.04). No significant associations were observed in girls. All effect sizes were small, suggesting subtle, sex-dependent influences rather than robust predictors of performance. Conclusions: These findings indicate that prenatal hormonal environment may exert a limited, sex-specific influence on early physical fitness characteristics. Although biologically informative, the observed associations are insufficient for direct application in talent identification in sports. Longitudinal research incorporating direct hormonal measurements and broader populations is recommended to clarify developmental mechanisms and causal pathways.
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    Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbol Takımlarının Bazı Kuvvet ve Reaksiyon Parametrelerinin Lig Sıralamasına Etkisinin Araştırılması (Bölgesel Lig B Grubu Örneği): Gözlemsel Araştırma
    (2022) Konar, Prof.Dr.Nurettin; Kurtoğlu, Ahmet; Sanal, Alperen; Karakuş, Edip
    Amaç: Bu çalışma, Tekerlekli Sandalye (TS) Basketbol Böl- gesel Ligi B Grubu takımlarının bazı kuvvet ve reaksiyon parametre- lerinin lig sıralamasına etkisinin araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmamıza, TS Bölgesel Lig B Grubu’nda mücadele eden 7 takımdan, yaş ortalaması 27,65±7,5 olan toplam 51 erkek sporcu katılmıştır. Araştırma türü olarak deneysel yöntem belir- lenmiştir. Çalışmamız kapsamında katılımcıların sırt, kol, el kavrama kuvveti ve reaksiyon süreleri ölçülmüştür. Sırt ve kol kuvvetleri Takei marka dinamometre ile ölçülmüştür. El kavrama kuvveti Takei marka handgrip aleti ile ölçülmüştür. Görsel reaksiyon süresi ölçümü için Hubbard Scientific Reaction Timer aleti kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ista- tistiksel işlemler için SPSS paket program 22 kullanılmıştır. Ölçülen parametrelerin lig sıralamasına etkisini incelemek için ki-kare testi uy- gulanmıştır. Bulgular: Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda, sağ el görsel reaksiyon süresi ve sol el reaksiyon süresi ile lig sıralaması ara- sında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sağ el kavrama kuvveti, sol el kavrama kuvveti, sırt kuvveti ve kol kuvveti ile lig sıralaması ara- sında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Araştırma so- nuçlarına göre görsel reaksiyon süresi lig sıralamasına etki ederken; el kavrama, sırt ve kol kuvvetleri ortalamalarının lig sıralamalarına göre farklılıkları gösterilmiştir, fakat bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde değildir. Örneklem grubu genişletilerek yapılan çalışmalarda farklı sonuçlar elde edilebileceği düşünülmektedir.
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    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFE SATISFACTION AND BODY IMAGE IN AMPUTEE AND DISABLED SOCCER PLAYERS IN TURKIYE
    (Univ Catolica Petropolis, 2022) Sanal, Alperen; Atar, Ozdemir; Ozen, Gokmen; Dindar, Mustafa Deniz
    The purpose of this study was to the relationship between life satisfaction and body image in amputee and disabled soccer players in Turkiye. 102 football players with lower extremity competing in different leagues in the 2019-2020 amputee football season voluntarily participated in the study. A quantitative research method was used in the research. Satisfaction with Life Scale and Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS) were used to collect data. SPSS package program was used for the data analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to identify the relationship between satisfaction with life scale and amputee body image scale. As a result of the study, it was found that, in amputee football players with lower extremity amputation, there was a highly negative relationship between satisfaction with life score and ABIS overall score (r=-0.790; P=0.000) and between satisfaction with life score and ABIS social factor score (r=-0.776; P=0.000), and a moderately negative relationship between satisfaction with life score and ABIS personal factor score (r=-0.684; P=0.000) and between satisfaction with life score and ABIS functional factor score (r=-0.610; P=0.000). In conclusion, as the amputee football players' level of satisfaction with life increased, so did their positive perception about their body image.