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    Effect of wetted soil area on trunk growth, yield, and fruit quality of drip-irrigated sour cherry trees
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Yildirim, Osman; Dumanoglu, Hatice; Gunes, Nurdan Tuna; Yildirim, Murat; Aygun, Ahmet; San, Bekir
    The effect of wetted soil area on trunk growth, yield, and fruit quality in drip-irrigated Kutahya sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) trees grafted on mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) seedlings was investigated over 3 seasons in a semiarid zone of Central Anatolia, Turkey. Percentages of wetted soil area ranging from 8.8% to 35.6% were obtained by applying 7 treatments consisting of 1 or 2 lateral drip lines per tree row and various dripper numbers per tree. Adequate irrigation was applied to all treatments based on daily evapotranspiration values estimated by the FAO-modified Penman-Monteith equation. The highest yield was generally obtained at percentages of wetted soil area higher than 30%; this was provided by placing 2 lateral lines (1 m apart) per tree row with continual drippers spaced between 0.50 in and 1.00 m. The percentage of wetted soil area did not significantly affect trunk growth and fruit weight in addition to fruit attributes such as redness index of fruit skin color, fruit juice content, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, or pH, in general.
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    Graft formation in some spur and vigorous apple varieties grafted on Ottawa 3 rootstock: A histological investigation
    (Wfl Publ, 2010) Yildirim, Adnan N.; Polat, Mehmet; Dolgun, Oguz; Askin, M. Atilla; Gokbayrak, Zeliha; San, Bekir
    This research was designed to observe the stages of graft union in relation to different growth rate between the rootstock Ottawa 3 and three apple varieties, Smoothee, Summerred and Braeburn. Three to five graft samples of each rootstock/scion combinations were taken at 30 days interval until 12 months passed after from grafting. Samples were fixed in ethanol (70%). Transverse sections in 20-30 mu m thickness were cut with a rotary microtome. Five base stages of graft formation were examined on samples: (1) development and positions of necrotic layers, (2) proliferation of callus cells, (3) formation of callus bridge at the graft interface, (4) cambial continuity and (5) formation of vascular tissues. In the sections prepared from subsequent samples of graft combinations were seen as a good union. Necrotic layers were eliminated in the callus, except for the outer cortex. In outer cortex region, necrotic layers were transformed to bark. Callus filled the gaps between interface of the stock and the scion. Cambial continuity occurred successfully and vascular tissues were connected. Thus, no evidences for tissue incompatibility were found in this study. Histological observations showed a compatible graft union between the graft partners which have different growing characteristics in relation to tissue formation.