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    Effects of dietary protein level on growth, histology and digestive enzyme activities of ornamental fish Ancistrus cirrhosus
    (Wiley, 2022) Sahin, Tolga; Gurkan, Mert
    Regardless of the developmental stage of the cultured organism, proper nutritional care is essential. A significant number of aquacultural species rely on protein as their main energy source and protein feeds sold in the ornamental market are formulated with widely varying protein inclusion levels. As Ancistrus cirrhosus is one of the most popular ornamental fish species, this study aimed to determine the effects of different protein levels on growth, digestive enzyme activities and liver and intestinal histopathology. Therefore, 450 fry (98.5 +/- 3.1 mg [mean +/- SE]), 5-6 weeks old, were fed six different experimental diets containing 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% and 55% crude protein in triplicate groups for 60 days. The results demonstrated that no significant differences were observed in the final lengths, whole-body protein levels, body condition indices and lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities of fish between groups. The fish fed with a 40% protein diet differed positively from other experimental groups in terms of final weight, FCR, SGR, proteolytic enzyme activities and histopathological findings. Lower proteolytic activity was ascertained in fish fed feed containing lower levels of protein (30%, 35%) and increased histopathological defects in the intestine and liver of fish fed feed containing over 40% protein (45%, 50% and 55%). Based on our results, a diet with a 40% protein level is most beneficial for the rearing of A. cirrhosus fry. Further research is required to determine optimal ratios, which are predicted to be between 35 and 40.
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    Effects of low temperature and starvation on plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
    (Adem Yavuz SÖNMEZ, 2015) Arslan, Gökhan; Sahin, Tolga; Hisar, Olcay; Hisar, Sukriye Aras
    In this study, the hormonal responses such as Plasma Cortisol, Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Prolactin of juvenile carp induced by low temperature and starvation as stressors have been investigated. Four treatments were conducted under the following condition: the first group was fed and kept at a temperature of 18ºC (18F); the second group was fed and kept at 6ºC (6F); the third group was not fed and kept at 18ºC (18FD) and the fourth group was not fed and kept at 6ºC (6FD). Hormonal responses of fish were measured in every 15th day of 45 days trial. According to the results, it was determined that cortisol level of fish in the group 18FD significantly increased while T3, T4 and TSH levels of fish increased in the group 6FD (P < 0.05). No significant differences were obtained between the treatments in terms of Prolactin. To conclude up, the temperature and total food deprivation and their interactions had a significant effect on the plasma hormone levels of common carp juveniles.
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    In vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activities of aqueous skin mucus from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on human pathogens
    (Adem Yavuz SÖNMEZ, 2014) Hisar, Olcay; Hisar, Sukriye Aras; Uyanık, Mehmet Hamidullah; Sahin, Tolga; Cakir, Fikret; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    Extracts and preparations made from the animal origin were used extensively in folk and modern medicine for treating many human diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of aqueous skin mucus from rainbow trout. Evaluation of inhibition effect of the aqueous skin mucus against Staphylococcus aureus-ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli-ATCC 9837, Citrobacter freundii-ATCC 8090, Enterobacter aerogenes-ATCC 13048, Neisseria lactamica-ATCC 23970, Proteus vulgaris-ATCC 49990, Proteus mirabilis-ATCC 29906, Pseudomonas aeruginosa-ATCC 9027, Pseudomonas fluorescens-ATCC 13525, Bacillus cereus-ATCC 10987, Klebsiella pneumonia-ATCC 13883, Klebsiella oxyttoca-ATCC 43863, Streptococcus pneumoniae-ATCC 49619, Candida albicans-ATCC 90028 and Candida parapsilosis-ATCC 22019 was tested. The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of mucus on the bacteria were assessed by a disc diffusion assay. The activity was measured in terms of zone of inhibition in mm. The mucus did not show antibacterial and antifungal activities against any of the tested strains of bacteria and fungi yeast.
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    Is routine ureteral stenting really necessary after retrograde intrarenal surgery?
    (Pagepress Publ, 2015) Ozyuvali, Ekrem; Resorlu, Berkan; Oguz, Ural; Yildiz, Yildiray; Sahin, Tolga; Senocak, Cagri; Bozkurt, Omer Faruk
    Objectives: To investigate the situations in which ureteral double-J stent should be used after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Patients and Methods: Patients with no ureteral double-J stent after RIRS constituted Group 1, and those with double-J stent after RIRS constituted Group 2. Patients' age and gender, renal stone characteristics (location and dimension), stone-free status, VAS score 8 hours after surgery, post-procedural renal colic attacks, length of hospitalization, requirement for re-hospitalization, time to rehospitalization and secondary procedure requirements were analyzed. Results: RIRS was performed on 162 renal units. Double-J stent was used in 121 (74.6%) of these after RIRS, but not in the other 41 (25.4%). At radiological monitoring at the first month postoperatively after RIRS, complete stone-free status was determined in 122 (75.3%) renal units, while residual stone was present in 40 (24.6%). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of duration of fluoroscopy (p = 0.142), operation (p = 0.108) or hospitalization times (p = 0.798). VAS values determined routinely on the evening of surgery were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p = 0.025). Twenty-eight (17.2%) presentations were made to the emergency clinic due to renal colic within 1 month after surgery. Double-J catheter was present in 24 (85.7%) of these patients. Conclusions: Routine double-J stent insertion after RIRS is not essential since it increases costs, morbidity and operation time.
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    Larval Development of The Freshwater Angelfish Pterophyllum scalare (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2014) Celik, Ihsan; Celik, Pinar; Gurkan, Mert; Sahin, Tolga
    In this study, the larval development of freshwater angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare, was described under controlled aquarium conditions. Major histomorphological changes and the allometric growth patterns during the larval development have been described. The larvae were obtained from three pairs of freshwater angelfish, which were maintained in glass tanks. The larvae were sampled for measurement and photography. They were observed under a stereomicroscope, photographed using a photomicrographic system. The larval development of angelfish were described from 1 days after hatching (DAH) to 24 DAH. Embryonic developmental stage was completed at day 3 after spawning at 24 +/- 1 degrees C. The newly hatched larvae had 4.24 +/- 0.28 mm total length (TL). The mouth opened at 3 DAH. The larvae started to swim actively within the next 3-4 days. Notochord flexion began at 3-4 DAH. The yolk sac has been totally absorbed at 6 DAH. The metamorphosis was completed and the larvae transformed into juveniles at 23-24 DAH.