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    Does Glp-2 have a protective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model?
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2015) Topaloglu, Naci; Memi, Gulsun; Kaner, Tuncay; Deniz, Mustafa; Sahin, Onder; Guven, Mustafa; Cosar, Murat
    Background/aim: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 2 (Glp-2), which increases cerebral blood flow, on the hippocampal complex after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Materials and methods: Animals were randomized into 4 groups: sham, I/R + 0.9% NaCl, I/R + pre-Glp-2, and I/R + post-Glp-2. Cerebral ischemia was performed via the occlusion of the bilateral internal carotid artery for 40 min and continued with a reperfusion process. At the end of 6 h of reperfusion, animals were decapitated in all groups and brain tissues were removed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and natural intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were measured in the left hippocampal tissue. The right hippocampal tissues of all group members were taken for histopathologic study. Results: MDA levels and MPO activities increased from Group I to Group II and decreased from Group II to Groups III and IV. On the other hand, GSH levels were not significantly different among the groups. The number of apoptotic hippocampal tissue cells increased from Group I to Group II and decreased from Group II to Groups III and IV. Conclusion: Our preliminary study revealed that Glp-2 treatment may decrease oxidative damage from I/R in cerebral tissue.
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    The influence of dexmedetomidine on ischemic rat hippocampus
    (Elsevier, 2008) Eser, Olcay; Fidan, Huseyin; Sahin, Onder; Cosar, Murat; Yaman, Mehmet; Mollaoglu, Hakan; Songur, Ahmet
    In our study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on oxidantantioxidant systems, pro -inflammatory cytokine TNF-a and number of apoptotic neurons on hippocampus and dentate gyrus after transient global cerebral I/R injury. Eighteen rats divided into 3 groups, equally. Group I rats were used as shams. For group II and III rats, they were prepared for transient global cerebral ischemia using a four-vessel- occlusion model. 5 mL/kg/h 0.9% sodium chloride was infused to the Group II and 3 Pg/kg/h/5 ml dexmedetomidine was infused to the Group III for 2 h after I/R injury. The levels of MDA and NO and activities of SOD and CAT were measured in the left hippocampus tissue. The levels of TNF-a concentration were measured in the plasma. The number of apoptotic neurons was counted by TUNNEL method in histological samples of right hippocampus tissue. MDA and NO levels increased in Group II compared with Group I rats (p=0.002, p=0.002, respectively). In group III, MDA and NO levels decreased as compared to Group 11 (p=0.015, p=0.002, respectively). SOD and CAT activities increased in Group III as compared to Group II rats (p = 0.002, p = 0.002, respectively). The decrease in TNF-a levels of group III was significant as compared to group II (p=0.016). The number of apoptotic neurons in group III was lower than Group II rats. Our study showed that dexinedetomidine has a neuroprotective effect on hippocampus and dentate gyrus of rats after transient global cerebral I/R injury. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    The neuroprotective effect of fish n-3 fatty acids in the hippocampus of diabetic rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Cosar, Murat; Songur, Ahmet; Sahin, Onder; Uz, Efkan; Yilmaz, Ramazan; Yagmurca, Murat; Ozen, Oguz Aslan
    Introduction: Diabetes mellitus may lead to functional and structural changes in the brain. Fish oil is a rich source of n-3 essential fatty acids (EFA) such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexoenoic acids. We examined the neuroprotective effects of fish n-3 EFA in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Nineteen adult male rats were divided into three groups. Group I ( control; n=6) was fed a normal rat diet. Group II ( diabetic; n=6) was fed a normal rat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to induce diabetes mellitus. Group III (n-3 + diabetic; n=7) was fed a normal rat diet and fish n-3 EFA (Marincap (R), 0.4 g/kg/day) for 8 weeks and STZ was administered to induce diabetes mellitus. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and catalase ( CAT) were measured in the left hippocampus after the animals were sacrificed. The right hemisphere was completely blocked. The sections were stained with Cresyl Violet and apoptotic neurons were counted in the hippocampus. Results: The levels of MDA and activities of SOD and CAT increased in diabetic rats compared to control rats. However, the levels of MDA and activities of SOD and CAT decreased in n-3 + diabetic rats compared to diabetic rats. Also, the number of apoptotic neurons increased in diabetic rats compared to control rats and decreased in n-3 + diabetic rats compared to diabetic rats. Conclusions: Fish n-3 EFA reduces oxidative stress and induces apoptotic changes in the hippocampus of STZ-diabetic rats. The addition of fish n-3 EFA to diets may be useful to prevent functional and structural changes to cerebral centers due to diabetes mellitus.
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    The neuroprotective effect of Sulindac after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats1
    (Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 2014) Cosar, Murat; Kaner, Tuncay; Sahin, Onder; Topaloglu, Naci; Guven, Mustafa; Aras, Adem Bozkurt; Akman, Tarik
    PURPOSE:To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Sulindac on the hippocampal complex after global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. METHODS: Thirty one Sprague- Dawley rats were used, distributed into group I (sham) n: 7 were used as control. For group II (n: 8), III (n: 8) and IV (n: 8) rats, cerebral ischemia was performed via the occlusion of bilateral internal carotid artery for 45 minutes and continued with reperfusion process. 0.3 mL/kg/h 0.9 % sodium chloride was infused intraperitoneally to the Group II rats before ischemia, 5 mu g/kg/h/0.3 ml sulindac was infused intraperitoneally to the Group III rats before ischemia and 5 mu g/kg/h/0.3 ml sulindac was infused intraperitoneally to the Group IV rats after ischemia and before reperfusion process. The levels of MDA, GSH and MPO activity were measured in the left hippocampus tissue. The hippocampal tissue of all group members were taken for histopathological study. RESULTS: The MDA and MPO levels increased from group I (control) to group II (I/R) (P < 0.05) and decreased from group II (I/R) to group III (presulindac + I/R) and IV (postsulindac + I/R) (P < 0.05). Beside these, the GSH levels decreased from group I (control) to group II (I/R) (P < 0.05) and increased from group II (I/R) to group III (presulindac + I/R) and IV (postsulindac + I/R) (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic neurons increased from group I (control) to group II (I/R) (P < 0.05) and decreased from group II (I/R) to group III (presulindac + I/R) and IV (postsulindac + I/R) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Sulindac may have neuroprotective effects on ischemic neural tissue to prevent the reperfusion injury after ischemia.
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    The protective effect of avocado soybean unsaponifilables on brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat prefrontal cortex
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) Eser, Olcay; Songur, Ahmet; Yaman, Mehmet; Cosar, Murat; Fidan, Huseyin; Sahin, Onder; Mollaoglu, Hakan
    Object. We investigated the protective effects of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after global brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods. Rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups as follows: Group I was control rats, Group II was ischemia rats, Group III was Isch+ASU rats. Brain ischemia was produced via four-vessel occlusion model. These processes followed by reperfusion for 30 min for both II and III groups. Rats were sacrificed and their brains were removed immediately. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in left PFC, levels of TNF-alpha concentration were measured in the plasma. The number of apoptotic neurons was assayed in histological samples of the right PFC. Results. MDA and TNF-alpha levels as well as the number of apoptotic neurons were observed to have decreased significantly in Group III compared to Group II, while SOD activities have been found to have increased significantly in Group III in comparison to Group II, significantly. Conclusions. We think that ASU might have an antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in brain I/R injured rats.
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    The protective effect of fish n-3 fatty acids on cerebral ischemia in rat prefrontal cortex
    (Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2008) Ozen, Oguz Aslan; Cosar, Murat; Sahin, Onder; Fidan, Huseyin; Eser, Olcay; Mollaoglu, Hakan; Alkoc, Ozan
    This study presents neuroprotective effects of fish n-3 EFA on the prefrontal cortex after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Eighteen rats divided into three groups. Group A rats were used as control. Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was produced in rats either on a standard diet (Group B) or a standard diet plus fish n-3 EFA for 14 days (Group C). The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured and the number of apoptotic neurons was counted. The levels of MDA and activities of SOD increased in Group B rats as compared to Group A rats, and decreased in Group C rats as compared to Group B rats. The activities of CAT increased in Group C as compared to Group B rats. The number of apoptotic neurons in the prefrontal cortex was lower in Group C as compared to Group B rats.