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    Determination of Entomopathogenic Nematode Persistency with Surface Spraying and Soil Injection Applications in a Peach Orchard
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Sahin, Cigdem; Gozel, Ugur
    Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are effective biological control agents against underground and cryptic pests. Persistency and survival of EPN in soil after soil application is important for long term success of management programs. In this study, it was aimed to determine the soil persistency of 4 native EPN species after surface spraying and soil injection applications in a peach orchard. In the study, S. feltiae (96), S. carpocapsae 1133, H. bacteriophora 1144 and S. affine 47 species were applied in 30 l water with 140.000 IJ/tree dose per tree by surface spraying and soil injection methods. EPN were applied to soil with a watering can in surface spraying method and with a pulverizator into 5-15 cm depth in soil injection method. After the monthly application, soil samples were collected and EPN presence was tested with G. mellonella larvae and White traps in the laboratory. The study was conducted for 2 times in 2018 and 2019. At the end of the study, EPN persistency in soil was found to be 90 days in 2018 and 150 days in 2019.
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    Öğe
    Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against neonate larvae of Capnodis tenebrionis (L., 1758) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
    (Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2019) Sahin, Cigdem; Gozel, Ugur
    Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) have a high potential for control of pests living in isolated places such as underground or galleries. In this study, mortality rates of Capnodis tenebrionis (L., 1758) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) larvae from four EPN species Steinernema affine Bovien, 1937, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1934, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) collected from Turkey under controlled conditions were determined. EPN used in the study were cultured on Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Adults of C. tenebrionis were collected from the orchards of Canakkale Province and, eggs and larvae were cultured under controlled conditions. Three densities of EPN species, viz. 50, 500 and 1000 infective juveniles/C. tenebrionis, were applied in 12-well plates. Cherry saplings were planted into pots with sterilized soil mixture and 10 neonate larvae of C. tenebrionis added to each pot. To each pot, 40,000 infective juveniles were applied for each EPN species in 10 ml of water. Mortalities of C. tenebrionis larvae were determined 1, 3, 5 and 7 d after application. In the plates, mortality of C. tenebrionis larvae increased with time after EPN application. For all application rates, mortality of C. tenebrionis larvae was 100% by day 5. Mortality of C. tenebrionis larvae ranged between 50 and 90% depending on species and time in pots. Efficacy studies were conducted in 2016 in Canakkale. Research on the efficacy of EPN species that have a high mortality under controlled conditions is important to determine their potential to control the target pest.
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    Öğe
    Synthesis, thermal, electrochemical and catalytic behavior toward transfer hydrogenation investigations of the half-sandwich RuII complexes with 2-(2?-quinolyl)benzimidazoles
    (Elsevier, 2020) Erdem, Ahmet; Kilincarslan, Rafet; Sahin, Cigdem; Dayan, Osman; Ozdemir, Namik
    A series ligands (L3-14) of derived from 2-(2'-quinolyl)benzimidazole (QuBim, L-1) and 2-(2'-quinolyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (QuDmBim, L-2) which are an NN-type ligands have been synthesized and characterized with various techniques such as NMR, UV-vis, FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The substituted ligands derived from QuBim and QuDmBim have been used as sustaining ligands in the Ru-II-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation (TH) of acetophenone to secondary alcohols in the presence i-PrOH/KOH. The half-sandwich complexes (C1-14) of Ru-II with NN-type ligands have been synthesized by cleavage of [(eta(6)-p-cymene)Ru(mu-Cl)](2) dimer. The resulting complexes have been characterized by NMR, UV-vis, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The thermal and electrochemical properties of selected complexes and ligands were investigated. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.