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    From the hive to the brain: synergistic potential of honeybee products with alzheimer's drugs
    (Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2025) El-Seedi, Hesham R.; Salama, Suzy; Shetaia, Aya A.; Elashal, Mohamed H.; El-Wahed, Aida Abd; Karav, Sercan; Saeed, Aamer
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The disease spreads over the world and has an impact on human health and welfare. The patients suffer from cognitiv disability in addition to economic and social effects. It is urgently necessary to find effective medication for cognitive decline because it appears to be a central focus of neurological and neurodegenerative illnesses. Cognitive decline is an intriguing pathophysiological state. Such underlying causes of cognitive impairment linked to neurodegeneration include oxidative damage and diminished cholinergic neurotransmission. The approved therapies for neurodegenerative diseases like AD are known to have undesirable side effects and merely offer symptomatic alleviation. Honeybee products have long been recognized for their therapeutic and health-improving properties. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of bee products and their ingredients are promising agents for AD. The current review aimed to collect and expose the different studies conducted on the neuroprotective potential of honeybee products such as bee venom and propolis or their active components chrysin, ferulic acid, and quercetin in combination with the conventional anti-AD or anti-dementia treatments such as donepezil and rivastigmine. Additionally, the active component chitosan was found to form effective nanoparticles in treating the neurodegenerative diseases in concern. Although the studies collected on this topic were few, they highlighted the potential synergistic effect of honeybee products in treating AD. In conclusion, bee products combined with donepezil and rivastigmine can be considered a potential neuroprotective agent against AD. Further studies are needed to support the preclinical studies and promote the clinical trials.
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    Unraveling the role of Globularia species in modern medicine based on evidence from photochemistry, traditional uses and biological activities
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2025) El-Seedi, Hesham R.; Sabry, Aya; Abolibda, Tariq Z.; Guo, Zhiming; Nahar, Lütfun; Sarker, Satyajit D.; Saeed, Aamer; Karav, Sercan
    Background: Species of the genus Globularia exist in the Mediterranean region spreading upon Macaronesia, northern Europe, and north-eastern Africa. They have valuable biological activities and remarkable phytochemical contents explaining their traditional uses. Purpose: This study reviews phytochemical, pharmacological progress, clinical trials, and molecular mechanisms of action of Globularia extracts and isolated compounds. Study design: In this review the systematic approach is used in summarizing and documenting the information related to Globularia extracts with a special focus on the bioactive component that have numerous biological activities and modes of action. Methods: The relevant information related to the genus Globularia was collected from different databases (SciFinder, Elsevier, PubMed, and Google Scholar) as well as the clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/). Results: The genus Globularia consists of 22 species that are used in traditional medicine as laxative, cholagogue, stomachic, purgative, sudorific, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, carminative, diuretic, and tonic agents. The extracts of these species have biological potentials, for instance, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetes, anti-bacterial, anti-tuberculosis, enzyme inhibitors, wound healing, toxicological, and neuroprotective activity. Among the valuable bioactive phytochemicals are iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoids, and flavonoid glycosides. Conclusion: Despite the efforts made in Globularia isolation there is a lack of knowledge of the biological role of the isolated compounds. Also, the traditional uses of Globularia species are not well-explored and the mechanisms of actions are not investigated thus opening new doors for future efforts in this line.