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Öğe Endüstriyel lignoselülozik atıkların kırmızı çamur ile birlikte pirolizi yoluyla biyo-manyetik adsorban üretimi, karakterizasyonu ve giderme çalışmaları(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2024) Sağlam, Semanur; Arslanoğlu, Hasan; Türk, Feride NaimeBu çalışmada, zengin demir içeriği ile tanınan bu KÇ'nin lignoselülozik atık ile ko-pirolizinden manyetik aktif karbon (MAC) eldesi sağlanmıştır. Elde edilen MAC, çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz aktif karbon (AC) ile karşılaştırılmış ve avantaj ve dezavantajlarından bahsedilmiştir. Hammadde, MAC ve AC'nin fizikokimyasal özelliklerini belirlemek adına SEM-EDX, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, BET, pHZPC analizleri uygulanmıştır. MAC'in manyetik özelliğinin tespiti için aynı zamanda VSM analizi de yapılmıştır. L^16 Taguchi ortogonal dizilimine göre 4 faktör 4 seviyeden oluşan deney seti uygulanarak elde edilen her bir MAC için analizler yorumlanmıştır. İstatiksel analizler incelendiğinde en uygun manyetik aktif karbonun 16 numaralı deneyde (MAC-16) elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar deneysel yöntemlerle karşılaştırılarak kanıtlanmıştır. Optimum MAC için çözeltilerden bazik sarı 5GL giderimi kapsamında çalışma yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlarda, KÇ için 8,59 m2/g, MAC için 405,4 m2/g ve AC için 820,3 m2/g spesifik yüzey alanı tespit edilmiştir. Burada manyetitin gözenekleri tıkaması sonucunda MAC'in daha küçük bir yüzey alanına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. MAC'in iyot sayısı 514,9 iken AC'nin 1041,8 mg/g olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yürütülen çalışmalar sonucunda atık sulardan Bazik Sarı 5GL gideriminde MAC'in uygun maliyetli ve çevreci bir adsorbent olarak başarılı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.Öğe Integrated waste reduction by production of bio-magnetic adsorbents via copyrolysis of waste red mud and residual sugar beet pulp: Target zero waste(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Sağlam, Semanur; Türk, Feride N.; Arslanoğlu, HasanRed mud, a waste of the aluminum plant, is the result of calcination of bauxite ore with sodium hydroxide at high temperature and concentration. This waste, which is the fearful dream of alumina production factories, attracts attention with its rich iron content. In this study, magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was obtained from the co- pyrolysis of sugar beet pulp and red sludge. The removal of basic yellow basic yellow 5 GL (BY5GL) dyestuff from aqueous solutions was investigated with the obtained MAC. MAC was characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM-EDX, DSC, VSM and BET surface area. VSM analysis revealed a magnetism of 46.11 emu/g. RSM Taguchi statistical analysis was utilized. According to the L16 orthogonal array consisting of 4 factors and 4 levels, the optimum MAC was obtained at 800 degrees C, 120 min, 5 impregnation and 0.5 biomass/K2CO3 ratio. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm equations were applied. Pseudo-first, pseudo- second and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were analyzed. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo- second kinetic model gave the best results. It was observed that pH was the most effective parameter for BY5GL adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 175.4 mg.g-1 at pH 7, 20 degrees C, 360 min contact time, 5 g.L-1 adsorbent dosage and 50 mg.L-1 dyestuff concentration. Activation energy and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorbent were also investigated for dyestuff adsorption.Öğe Synthesis of magnetic activated carbon from industrial waste: characterization, tetracycline removal and interpretation of its mechanism(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Sağlam, Semanur; Arslanoğlu, Hasan; Türk, Feride N.Tetracycline is the second most widely used antibiotic, and its presence in wastewater is increasing with the increasing use of TC, which is of global concern. For the removal of TC from wastewater, magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was produced from activated carbon obtained using potassium-rich wine stones in previous studies. In this study, MAC synthesis was carried out in order to obtain a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and high-quality adsorbent for TC adsorption using the activated carbon (AC) obtained in the previous study. In the production process of MAC, chemical precipitation and hydrothermal methods were used together. To produce MAC, FeCl2.4H2O and FeCl3.6H2O solutions were mixed with AC in a 1/2 w/w ratio. Tetracycline (TC) adsorption of both MAC and AC investigated the physicochemical properties with the help of analyses such as BET, SEM, EDX, FTIR, VSM, and pH at point eo charge (pHZPC). Pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model kinetic models and Langmui, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich kinetic isotherms were investigated for TC adsorption of MAC and AC. With an R 2 value of 0.9895, it was concluded that the Langmuir isotherm is the most suitable adsorption, which indicates that the adsorption is monolayer; 3 desorption studies were performed for both TC and MAC. It was observed that MAC had better desorption capacity in the results obtained. According to the results obtained, MAC was tested to show higher TC adsorption, although it has a lower surface area than AC, which is 1086.45 m2/g and 1814.16 m2/g, respectively. However, the average pore diameter of MAC was 4.009 nm, while that of AC was 2.2483 nm. The reason for this is thought to be that magnetite clogs the pores on the surface of the AC, reducing the surface area but increasing the active sites, resulting in better adsorption. These results indicate that the obtained MAC is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective magnetic adsorbent for TC removal.Öğe Tetracycline (TC) removal from wastewater with activated carbon (AC) obtained from waste grape marc: activated carbon characterization and adsorption mechanism(Springer, 2024) Sağlam, Semanur; Türk, Feride N.; Arslanoğlu, HasanIn this study, activated carbons were obtained from grape marc for tetracycline removal from wastewater. Activated carbons were obtained by subjecting them to pyrolysis at 300, 500, and 700 °C, respectively, and the effect of pyrolysis temperature on activated carbons was investigated. The physicochemical and surface properties of the activated carbons were evaluated by SEM, FTIR, XRD, elemental analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption isothermal, thermal gravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG), and BET surface area analysis. When the BET surface areas were examined, it was found that 4.25 m2/g for activated carbon was produced at 300 °C, 44.23 m2/g for activated carbon obtained at 500 °C and 44.23 m2/g at 700 °C, which showed that the BET surface areas increased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures. The pore volumes of the synthesized activated carbons were 0.0037 cm3/g, 0.023 cm3/g, and 0.305 cm3/g for pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C, respectively, while the average pore size was found to be 8.02 nm, 9.45 nm, and 10.29 nm, respectively. A better adsorption capacity was observed due to the decrease in oxygen-rich functional groups with increasing pyrolysis temperature. It was observed that the activated carbon obtained from grape skins can easily treat hazardous wastewater containing tetracycline due to its high carbon content and surface functional groups. It was also shown that the activated carbon synthesized in this study has a higher pore volume despite its low surface area compared to the studies in the literature. Thanks to the high pore volume and surface active groups, a successful tetracycline removal was achieved.Öğe Use and applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) in dye adsorption: Review(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Sağlam, Semanur; Türk, Feride N.; Arslanoğlu, HasanDyed wastewater has a serious impact on living organisms. It must be treated to a certain level before being released into the environment. Dyed wastewater is non-biodegradable, toxic and has been found to have carcinogenic effects in long-term exposure. Therefore, the treatment of dyed wastewater has become a global concern. In this context, researchers have proposed metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as the most effective method for dye wastewater removal. Because MOFs show high adsorption capacity in dye removal with adjustable pore diameter and surface morphology compared to conventional carbonaceous materials (activated carbon, carbon nanotube, biochar, zeolite, perlite, etc.). In this context, many studies have been carried out on MOFs until today. With the developing technology and studies, the weaknesses of MOFs have also been improved. Various types of MOFs have been produced, including modified MOFs, Metal Organic Gels obtained by adding aerogel-hydrogel and membrane-based MOFs. In this study, it was aimed to examine the effectiveness of these MOF types in the process of dye separation from wastewater. Within the scope of this investigation, MOFs that are effective in the treatment of dye wastewater were evaluated by examining MOF studies in the past years. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also examined to understand the effectiveness of MOFs in dye waste-water adsorption. In addition, the effectiveness of characterization studies of MOFs in dye removal was examined. Desorption and reuse of MOFs are also included in the scope of the research as they are important in terms of cost.
