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Öğe Evaluating Repeatability of RTK (GPS and Galileo/GPS) performance in the analysis of points located in areas with and without obstructions(Sciendo, 2022) Pirti, Atinc; Yucel, M. AliGalileo is Europe's Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which provides improved positioning and timing data with significant benefits for many European services and users. Galileo enables users to know their exact location with greater precision than other available systems. Access to the Galileo signal in the obstructed and unobstructed environment provides benefits and opportunities for work, thanks to the improved performance and accuracy. The use of a Galileo-enabled receiver increases the number of satellites in view significantly. When compared to the performance of single-constellation receivers, this significantly reduces the time required to obtain a position with centimetre-level accuracy. The results indicate the current Galileo constellation's suitability for high-precision RTK applications, as well as improved availability, accuracy, reliability, and time-to-fix in the obstructed and unobstructed environments. The results of RTK GPS and RTK GPS/Galileo obtained at different times of the same day by using two reference points were compared. The results of this study illustrate that integrating RTK GPS system with Galileo is favorable for surveying applications (cm accuracy). This study shows that in surveying applications requiring centimetre accuracy, the RTK GP S/Galileo method can replace other survey methods (Total Station).Öğe Evaluation of Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) Accuracy in Urban Area in Turgutlu, Manisa, Türkiye(Agh Univ Science & Technology Press, 2025) Pirti, Atinc; Yucel, Mehmet AliIn recent years, global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) have emerged as a prominent technology for geolocation applications and services in urban set-tings. Urban environments should also be classified under difficult situations. Densely populated metropolitan areas such as urban centers obstruct the re-ceipt of GNSS signals; these obstacles often result in the congestion of line-of-sight (LOS) signals and give rise to the receipt of diffracted or reflected echoes (often known as the multipath phenomenon). PPK (post-processing kinemat-ic) is a GNSS data-processing method that achieves high-accuracy positioning by correcting errors in raw positioning data. Post-processing is widely used in applications that require precise geospatial information, such as surveying, mapping, and UAV operations. This research aims to evaluate the accuracy of the PPK application method in urban areas. For this aim, surveys were carried out in Turgutlu's province of Manisa on July 15, 2020, in T & uuml;rkiye. The anal-ysis compared the PPK surveys' results with those that were obtained from static surveys. PPK is very effective in difficult situations, but we were likely to encounter certain accuracy problems. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that achieving urban surveys with an accuracy from +/- 1 cm to +/- 2 cm may not always be feasible due to the challenging circumstances that might result in more-significant inaccuracies from +/- 10 cm to +/- 100 cm for both the horizontal and vertical components.Öğe TESTING REAL TIME KINEMATIC GNSS (GPS AND GPS/GLONASS) METHODS IN OBSTRUCTED AND UNOBSTRUCTED SITES(Assoc Surveyors Slovenia, 2013) Pirti, Atinc; Yucel, Mehmet Ali; Gumus, KutalmisThis paper describes an experiment carried out with the GNSS RTK method to combine GPS and GLONASS measurements in obstructed and unobstructed sites. This study investigates the RTK achievable accuracy and repeatability under different satellite constellations and site conditions in Samatya (coastal area), Istanbul, Turkey. The RTK (GPS and GPS/GLONASS) measurement techniques are described and compared in terms of productivity and precision. Surveyed area, control and test points as well as the impact area of trees where the precision decreases are visualised using Autodesk LandXplorer Studio ProfessionalTM Software. These obtained results indicate that integrating RTK GPS system with GLONASS is favoured for surveying applications.Öğe THE FOURTH DEGREE PARABOLA (BI-QUADRATIC PARABOLA) AS A TRANSITION CURVE(Univ Osijek, Tech Fac, 2012) Pirti, Atinc; Yucel, M. AliThe transition curves in the modern road and railway construction are route elements equally crucial as alignment and curve (circular). In order to prevent a sudden change of the centrifugal force, the transition curve must be applied due to the impact of the motion in a sharp curve. Over the years the application of the clothoid has become widespread in many countries in the world. However, in this study, in order to eliminate the problems concerning the road dynamics, created by clothoid for vehicles at high speed, the fourth degree parabola (Bi-quadratic parabola) is examined. The possibility of using bi-quadratic parabola in defining transition curves during design of transportation facilities is analyzed in the paper. Basic properties of bi-quadratic parabolas, their fundamental mathematical expression, calculation of point coordinates, driving-dynamic characteristics of bi-quadratic parabolas are described, and the function of change in curvature and lateral impact along the bi-quadratic parabola is presented.Öğe TRANSRAPID AND THE TRANSITION CURVE AS SINUSOID(Univ Osijek, Tech Fac, 2016) Pirti, Atinc; Yucel, Mehmet Ali; Ocalan, TaylanThe transition curves in the modern highway and railway construction are route elements equally crucial as alignment and curve (circular). In order to prevent a sudden change of the centrifugal force, the transition curve must be applied due to the impact of the motion in a sharp curve. Over the years the application of the clothoid has become widespread in many countries in the world. However, in this study, in order to eliminate the problems concerning the road dynamics, created by clothoid for vehicles at high speed, sinusoid is examined. The possibility of using sinusoid in defining transition curves during design of transportation facilities is analysed in this paper. Basic properties of sinusoid, their fundamental mathematical expression, calculation of point coordinates, driving-dynamic characteristics of sinusoid are described (especially for Transrapid using), and the function of change in curvature and lateral impact along the sinusoid is presented. Sinusoid is dealt with as ideal curvature diagram which has curve and superelevation ramp in the articles.











