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    3D simulations of impulse waves originating from concurrent landslides near an active fault using FLOW-3D software: a case study of cetin Dam Reservoir (Southeast Turkey)
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Ersoy, Hakan; Sunnetci, Muhammet Oguz; Karahan, Murat; Perincek, Dogan
    This study used 3D numerical simulations to model the potential risk of impulse waves originating from concurrent landslides in cetin Dam Reservoir in Southeast Turkey, which is near an active orogenic belt and related uplift system. A volume of fluid (VOF) model based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations was used to accurately simulate the free-surface/solid interaction, landslide deformation, and wave propagation. A renormalization group (RNG)-based k-epsilon turbulence model was used to create a fluid coupled model, and a drift-flux model was selected to simulate the potential landslide. A partially submerged landslide located 4900 m from the dam and another subaerial landslide located 800 m from dam were first modelled separately. 3D numerical models show that the impulse wave triggered by the subaerial landslide reaches 4 m in height at 34 s right in front of the dam, whereas the wave induced by the partially submerged landslide reaches 4.2 m in height at 205 s. After the effects of both landslides were modelled separately, the cumulative effect of impulse waves was evaluated in the case of the two landslides occurring simultaneously. As predicted, the highest wave reaching the dam body occurred 15 s later due to the interference of the two waves. However, contrary to expectations, the height of the new wave increased, which was probably due to the constructive interference of the original waves, and it reached 5.6 m at the dam body. Numerical analysis shows that when more than one landslide occurs simultaneously in the reservoir, the resulting interference affects the wave properties considerably.
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    A high-energy deposit in the Byzantine harbour of Yenikapi, Istanbul (Turkey)
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Bony, Guenaelle; Marriner, Nick; Morhange, Christophe; Kaniewski, David; Perincek, Dogan
    A Byzantine harbour (Theodosian harbour) has been uncovered during excavations at Yenikapi, with a stratigraphic sequence spanning the past 7000 BP. In the marine part of the sedimentary sequence, a high-energy deposit has been interpreted as being of tsunami origin and related to the earthquake of 557 AD. This paper presents a bio-sedimentological analysis of this facies. The unit is characterised by coarse sands and gravels containing reworked material such as woods, bones, marble blocks, amphora fragments, ceramics, coins, shells and plant remains. The thickness of the facies varies between 10 and 100 cm. The sediment matrix is poorly sorted with skewness values indicative of a sub-tidal fine-sand environment. Many of the marine taxa have been reworked and diverse ecological assemblages are represented (lagoonal, coastal and open marine species). This unit is divided into three facies consistent with different phases of the tsunami drowning and water retreat. The basal facies corresponds to two tsunami wave trains, and the upper facies indicates the backwash flow. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
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    Discovery of the Late Triassic (Middle Carnian-Rhaetian) radiolarians in the volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Kocali Complex, SE Turkey: Correlation with the other Tauride units
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2011) Uzuncimen, Seda; Tekin, Ugur Kagan; Bedi, Yavuz; Perincek, Dogan; Varol, Elif; Soycan, Havva
    The Kocali Complex in SE Turkey includes pelagic sediments (pelagic limestones, cherts, etc.), basic volcanic rocks of oceanic crust origin together with platform-derived sediments. Its depositional age was previously assigned as Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. In order to study the radiolarian contents of volcano-sedimentary sequences in this complex, six stratigraphic sections have been measured mainly at the NE and NW Adiyaman city. Radiolarian faunas from these stratigraphic sections reveal that the age of these sequences ranges from middle Carnian to Rhaetian. Based on these data, the depositional age of the complex is older than the previously assigned. Lithological characteristics (widespread Triassic basic volcanic rocks associated with pelagic sediments) and radiolarian contents of these sequences have close similarities with the sequences of the Alakircay Nappe of the Antalya Nappes in western and central Taurides. Based on taxonomic studies, 99 taxa have been determined of which one genus (Adiyamanium) and four species (Monocapnuchosphaera kocaliensis, Paronaella speciosa, Ferresium okuyucui and Adiyamanium crassum) are described as new. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Evidence for ?80-75 Ma subduction jump during Anatolide-Tauride-Armenian block accretion and ?48 Ma Arabia-Eurasia collision in Lesser Caucasus-East Anatolia
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Rolland, Yann; Perincek, Dogan; Kaymakci, Nuretdin; Sosson, Marc; Barrier, Eric; Avagyan, Ara
    Orogens formed by a combination of subduction and accretion are featured by a short-lived collisional history. They preserve crustal geometries acquired prior to the collisional event. These geometries comprise obducted oceanic crust sequences that may propagate somewhat far away from the suture zone, preserved accretionary prism and subduction channel at the interplate boundary. The cessation of deformation is ascribed to rapid jump of the subduction zone at the passive margin rim of the opposite side of the accreted block. Geological investigation and 40Ar/39Ar dating on the main tectonic boundaries of the Anatolide-Tauride-Armenian (ATA) block in Eastern Turkey, Armenia and Georgia provide temporal constraints of subduction and accretion on both sides of this small continental block, and final collisional history of Eurasian and Arabian plates. On the northern side, 40Ar/39Ar ages give insights for the subduction and collage from the Middle to Upper Cretaceous (95-80 Ma). To the south, younger magmatic and metamorphic ages exhibit subduction of Neotethys and accretion of the Bitlis-Puturge block during the Upper Cretaceous (74-71 Ma). These data are interpreted as a subduction jump from the northern to the southern boundary of the ATA continental block at 80-75 Ma. Similar back-arc type geochemistry of obducted ophiolites in the two subduction-accretion domains point to a similar intra-oceanic evolution prior to accretion, featured by slab steepening and roll-back as for the current Mediterranean domain. Final closure of Neotethys and initiation of collision with Arabian Plate occurred in the Middle-Upper Eocene as featured by the development of a Himalayan-type thrust sheet exhuming amphibolite facies rocks in its hanging-wall at c. 48 Ma. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Geological and Geomorphological Analysis of the Ancient Erenkoy and Guzelyali Landslides in the Canakkale District, NW Turkey
    (Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2018) Perincek, Dogan
    The study was able to describe the ancient landslide debris around Guzelyali Village. Also, the remains of horrendous ancient landslides have been discovered in northeast of Erenkoy Village in Canakkale. In this frame, aim of the study is to determine the preparatory and triggering factors that form the landslides by analyzing the occurrence and development mechanisms of these landslides with the geological and geomorphologic methods. The evidence for the ancient landslide triggered by 1875 Erenkoy-Canakkale Earthquake presented in this paper, which is located near Erenkoy. Ancient landslide complex around Erenkoy-Guzelyali area has the distinction of having one of the largest, landslides in Canakkale. The total area of the ancient landslides is approximately 3.75 square kilometers in size. Historical landslides near Erenkoy have been noticed by land features bearing two hallmark characteristics. These are: a jumbled assortment of rocks at the base of a slope, and a cuplike or sharp-straight topography cut out of the hills where the slide might have come from. Post 1875 erosion activity have partially erased much of the evidence of landslide. It was assumed that landslide deposits near Guzelyali Village were produced by multiple landslide events. Probably some of the slides, originated by earthquakes consisting of many events, likely several -undred years between them. Mentioned landslide debris was recently moved again as creep-type landslides. Ancient landslide debris offers danger signs for northeastern Guzelyali housing developments. Ancient Guzelyali's landslide debris and related landslide is older than Erenkoy's landslide.
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    Geology and Landslide Investigations in and Around the Cetin Dam Site
    (Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2016) Perincek, Dogan
    \Purpose of this study is to locate the landslides that can threaten the settlement areas around the Cetin dam reservoir is situated in vicinities of Pervari town of Siirt city. The Cetin Dam is going to be constructed in Botan Cayi (Ulu Cay) valley. The Cetin dam crest, reservoir areas are all located on allochthonous units. The Maden Complex is situated between the slices of the metamorphic rocks. Very steep inclination of the valley slopes are among the significant causes of the landslides. The frequency of the landslides increases when this feature is combined with the presence of the Maden Complex. Another reason triggering the landslides is the earthquakes. The reason why the slope inclination is steeper along Botan Cayi River is the tectonism which affected the region since the Middle Miocene. Among the most important numerous data that shows that the region is uplifting continuously are elevated erosional surface of the old rivers and the terraces can be counted as evidence of uplifting. These features provide important evidences to understand the relative ages of the landslides. The uplifting causes an increase in slope inclination. As the inclination of the slopes increase, new and younger landslides occur in debris of the older landslides. It was observed in many places that the material sliding downslope following the occurrence of the landslide diverted the river bed in the opposite direction. Most of the villages established on both banks along the valley of Botan Cayi River are located on old landslide material, landslide debris and erosional surface. The water emerging from the toe and foot of the older landslide material has promoted the horticultural activities. In line with the increase in water saturation of the rock and soil beneath the reservoir after water holding in the dam, new landslides can be expected around the active landslide areas. Based on their relative ages, the landslides mapped were classified into 7 groups. The symbol 1 was used for the oldest landslide and similarly, 7 was used for the youngest one. The landslides with the numbers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are the inactive, fossil landslides. The landslides indicated with 6 and 7 are active landslides. The landslides also were grouped based on flowing-sliding types and flowing-sliding materials except for dating.
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    Sratigraphy of the Danismen Formation and distribution of lignite seam layers interbedding in the Unit, Thrace Basin, Turkey
    (Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2015) Perincek, Dogan; Atas, Nurdan; Karatut, Seyma; Erensoy, Esra
    Aim of this study to understand lignite potential of the basin. This work has been conducted using subsurface data; including numerous wells and several seismic lines provided by TPAO, MTA and TKI. Purpose of this work to understand economical values of lignite seam layers interbedding in the Danismen Formation (Oligocene-Early Miocene). For that purpose, first total thickness map of Ergene-Kircasalih formations (Late Miocene-Pliocene) prepared. Total thickness of the lignite layers mapped, which is main purpose of the work. Lignite seam layers are usually located in middle of the Danismen Formation. Also several stratigraphic correlations conducted to understand lateral continuation of lignite layers. First obstacle to reach lignite is thickness of the Ergene-Kircasalih formations which are overlying lignite bearing Danismen Formation. Main structural event which is controlling thickness variation of the Danismen Formation is Thrace Fault System; it was active during Middle Miocene. Danismen Formation extensively or partially eroded along the fault zone and on the en-echelon folds of fault system. Amount of erosion is variable, Danismen Formation and embedded lignite seams were completely eroded in some areas. Elevated areas related Thrace Fault System partially eroded, however these areas were still paleohigh during accumulation of Ergene-Kircasalih formations. Onlapping sequence of Ergene-Kircasalih formations are thinner on these paleohigh. At the end of this project lateral thickness variation and discontinuities of the lignite interbeds have been delineated by well log correlations. Addition to that, thin overburden areas of lignite bearing Danismen Formation are located by mapping thickness of overlying Ergene-Kircasalih formations.