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    Effect of probiotic supplementation shortly before and after weaning on growth of Turkish Saanen kids
    (Archiv Fur Tierzucht, 2005) Ayisigi, K; Atasoglu, C; Yurtman, SY; Mendes, M; Pala, A
    Sixteen kids were assigned at an average of 6 weeks of age to two treatments: control with no supplementation and 5 g/kid of probiotic supplementation daily. The probiotic was resuspended in distilled water and given orally every day in the morning throughout a 42 d study. Grower concentrate, vetch hay and water were offered ad libitum throughout the study. Kids were abruptly weaned 14 days after the initiation of the study and received only grower concentrate, vetch hay and water ad libitum from d 15 to 42. The supplementation of probiotic did not result in any significant differences in weight gain, nutrient intake, feed efficiency and diarrhea score in kids. However a positive trend toward improved weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency in kids supplemented with probiotic suggested that probiotic might improve growth and performance of kids and are worth further investigation.
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    Growth curves of Turkish Saanen goats' kids grouped for weight and Body Mass Index
    (Archiv Fur Tierzucht, 2005) Pala, A; Savas, T; Ugur, F; Das, G
    Growth curves and weaning stress differences were investigated in Turkish Saanen kids grouped for their weight and Body Mass Index (BMI = weight/height(2)). Data included 884 records collected from 61 Turkish Saanen kids raised in Canakkale, Turkey. Slopes were calculated for each kid and were analyzed as data using ordinary least squares, and repeated weights for each kid were analyzed using various covariance structures. Differences between male and female kids were small and non-significant before weaning (P = 0.55), while larger (P=0.06) after weaning. Heavy animals grew faster than light animals before weaning (P < 0.01) but lost their advantage after weaning (P > 0.05). Fat animals (high BMI) grew faster than lean animals (low BMI) before weaning (P < 0.01) while the differences slightly diminished after weaning (P=0.04). This may be because light and lean kids were not affected from the weaning shock as much as the heavy and fat kids, which had stuttered growth after weaning. Fit statistics indicated that first-order ante dependence was the best fit covariance structure for these data. Analyses specifying random model and covariance structures did not have an advantage over an approach where slopes were manually calculated and analyzed as data using ordinary least squares.
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    Persistency within and between lactations in morning, evening and daily test day milk in dairy goats (short communication)
    (Archiv Fur Tierzucht, 2005) Pala, A; Savas, T
    Persistence in dairy animals can be used as selection criteria. Peak value in lactation can be used to predict total lactation production if within lactation persistence is high. This will provide information on early lactation and shorten generation interval. Major purpose of this study was to determine persistency within and between lactations of Turkish Saanen goats in morning, evening and daily milk yields. Two different methods were employed. One used ratios of the succeeding test days as dependent variables. The multivariate analyses indicated that effects of parity (P=0.05), year (P < 0.01), lactation length (P=0.05) and parity by year interaction (P < 0.01) were large. The other approach was to use within correlations and measure changes in milk production in different parities by using repeated measures analysis and modeling covariance structure using compound symmetry. The within correlations can be used as indicators of persistency. Effects of parity, test day and days in milk (DIM), DIM2, In(DIM) and [ln(DIM)](2) on morning and evening values and total daily milk weights were analyzed to characterize the lactation curve. Values of DIM and repeated measure id number of the goats were added to the model within parity. Within lactation correlations were estimated as 0.22 for morning, 0.28 for evening and 0.27 for daily milk yield. Evening milk tests can alone be used to estimate lactation milk yield, instead of the total test day milk yield. Milk yield increased until lactation four, and decreased in lactation five in morning, evening and daily milk yields. There was a sharp increase from first lactation to second (ranged from 22.0 to 26.8%) and second lactation to third (ranged from 20.0 to 22.2%).