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    Genetic and morphometric comparisons of populations of Lacerta diplochondrodes Wettstein, 1952 (Squamata: Lacertidae) in Turkiye
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Kaya, Nilgun; Ozulug, Oya; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Eldem, Vahap
    The diverse climate types and geographical structures across Anatolia result in a high level of species diversity. Among these, the lizard species Lacerta diplochondrodes exhibits several distinct populations, with some of them recognized as subspecies. The primary objective of our study was to investigate whether populations from Thrace and the Western Black Sea region of Turkiye differ from other documented populations. For this purpose, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of genetic and morphometric parameters. For the genetic analysis, we utilized the COI and cyt-b gene regions as molecular markers. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) were used for the morphometric analyses to differentiate populations. Our findings indicate that a population found in the Bolu region in Western Black Sea region of Turkey differs from the other populations both in morphometric and genetic traits. The L. d. diplochondrodes and L. d. cariensis populations represent sister lineages, and they are both genetically and morphologically only weakly differentiated. These two lineages are therefore referred to as L. d. diplochondrodes. Overall, four different lineages can be distinguished in Turkiye, out of which the lineage of the Western Black Sea region (Bolu lineage) is described for the first time.
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    Life in Extreme Conditions: Diet and Condition of the Extremophile Fish Aphanius almiriensis (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) in a Thermal Rheocrene Spring
    (Wiley, 2025) Sac, Gulsah; Ozulug, Oya; Agdamar, Sevan; Inci, Harun; Yurekli, Ozgun Deniz; Ozulug, Mufit
    This study aims to understand the bioecological traits of an extremophile fish, Aphanius almiriensis, in order to explore how it survives and colonizes extreme habitat conditions. To achieve this, the bioecological characteristics-condition, diet, and feeding strategy-of A. almiriensis inhabiting the Tuzla thermal spring, which is characterized by extreme habitat conditions in terms of physicochemical water parameters, were studied. Among the physicochemical parameters measured, salinity and temperature were remarkably high, ranging from 23.7 degrees C (in winter) to 42.7 degrees C (in summer) and from 47.7 ppt (in autumn) to 60.7 ppt (in winter). A total of 248 fish individuals were collected from the thermal spring, and the diet analyzed seasonally consisted of 17 different food items, and their importance values (MI% and IRI%) varied seasonally. According to the F%, IRI%, and MI% values, the population fed mainly on Diatom, Cyanobacteria, and Diptera, resulting in niche breadth with low values ranging from 0.25 to 0.54. The extreme conditions of the thermal spring indicated that the environment was poor in terms of macroinvertebrate diversity (six taxa), and fish showed food selectivity (E) for Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae in winter, spring, and summer and for Ephydridae in autumn (E > 0; positive selectivity). Seasonally influenced fish condition was represented by high values in summer (K = 1.43 +/- 0.14) and was positively correlated with both water temperature and the increasing importance of the genus Phormidium in its diet. This study provides the first comprehensive insight into the seasonal diet and condition of A. almiriensis, shedding light on its survival strategies in harsh ecological conditions.