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    Life in Extreme Conditions: Diet and Condition of the Extremophile Fish Aphanius almiriensis (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) in a Thermal Rheocrene Spring
    (Wiley, 2025) Sac, Gulsah; Ozulug, Oya; Agdamar, Sevan; Inci, Harun; Yurekli, Ozgun Deniz; Ozulug, Mufit
    This study aims to understand the bioecological traits of an extremophile fish, Aphanius almiriensis, in order to explore how it survives and colonizes extreme habitat conditions. To achieve this, the bioecological characteristics-condition, diet, and feeding strategy-of A. almiriensis inhabiting the Tuzla thermal spring, which is characterized by extreme habitat conditions in terms of physicochemical water parameters, were studied. Among the physicochemical parameters measured, salinity and temperature were remarkably high, ranging from 23.7 degrees C (in winter) to 42.7 degrees C (in summer) and from 47.7 ppt (in autumn) to 60.7 ppt (in winter). A total of 248 fish individuals were collected from the thermal spring, and the diet analyzed seasonally consisted of 17 different food items, and their importance values (MI% and IRI%) varied seasonally. According to the F%, IRI%, and MI% values, the population fed mainly on Diatom, Cyanobacteria, and Diptera, resulting in niche breadth with low values ranging from 0.25 to 0.54. The extreme conditions of the thermal spring indicated that the environment was poor in terms of macroinvertebrate diversity (six taxa), and fish showed food selectivity (E) for Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae in winter, spring, and summer and for Ephydridae in autumn (E > 0; positive selectivity). Seasonally influenced fish condition was represented by high values in summer (K = 1.43 +/- 0.14) and was positively correlated with both water temperature and the increasing importance of the genus Phormidium in its diet. This study provides the first comprehensive insight into the seasonal diet and condition of A. almiriensis, shedding light on its survival strategies in harsh ecological conditions.
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    Population Genetic Structure of Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) in Northwestern Türkiye Using Mitochondrial COX1 Gene
    (Wiley, 2024) Agdamar, Sevan; Sac, Gulsah; Acar, Umit; Gaygusuz, Ozcan; Dogac, Ersin; Ozulug, Mufit
    Petroleuciscus borysthenicus is a species with a wide distribution from the eastern, western, and northern Black Sea and Azov Sea basins, the Aegean Sea basin, and Northwestern T & uuml;rkiye. However, there has been relatively little attention on the genetic variability of this species in their native distribution range, and nearly no study has been conducted in T & uuml;rkiye despite its importance in biodiversity. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic variability and population structure of P. borysthenicus from Northwestern T & uuml;rkiye using an integrated molecular method. A total of 72 specimens were collected from 13 localities in the Northwestern part of T & uuml;rkiye. A total of six haplotypes were identified in all specimens. A relatively low level of genetic variability was found for P. borysthenicus throughout the study region based on the indices of genetic diversity including haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity for the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (h = 0.507, pi = 0.0027). The pairwise FST values between the samples ranged from -0.123 to 1.000. Furthermore, our results revealed no provable recent demographic expansion for P. borysthenicus from Northwestern T & uuml;rkiye. However, more studies using additional geographic sampling and molecular analysis are needed to enhance our knowledge of the diversity and distribution of this species.