Yazar "Ozpinar, Sakine" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 14 / 14
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Changes in Soil Physical Properties in Response to Maize Tillage Management on a Clay Loam Soil(Univ Philippines Los Banos, 2010) Ozpinar, SakineConservation or reduced tillage may be a promising practice in soil management to improve soil properties and crop production for the planting of spring crops in the Plains of Troy in the Southwest Marmara Region of Western Turkey. The introduction of these tillage practices in soils that are naturally poor in organic matter could reduce soil degradation under intensive agricultural management in the area. Therefore, a 2-yr field experiment (2006 and 2007) was conducted to study the effect of two types of conservation or reduced tillage [shallow tillage (ST) with rototiller and chisel tillage (CT)] and conventional tillage with mouldboard plough (MT) on bulk density, penetration resistance, water content, oxygen diffusion rate and crop yields in a clay loam soil cropped with spring maize following winter vetch. Over a 2-yr average, penetration resistance was similar at the 0-15 cm depth in all tillage treatments in both growing years, while it was lower in CT and ST compared with MT at a depth of 15-30 cm, but never reached 2.50 MPa, which is considered limiting for root growth. Bulk density values over a 2-yr average were 1.35, 1.36 and 1.33 Mg m(-3) for MT, ST and CT, respectively, during the growing seasons at a soil depth of 20-30 cm. No oxygen diffusion rate values were observed below the 17.0 mu g m(-2)s(-1) reported as the threshold level to inhibit root growth in maize at any time of the growing seasons and using the various tillage treatments. Soil water content was found to be higher in ST than in MT and CT at all depths throughout the 2006 growing season, while it was similar in all tillage treatments in the 2007 growing season. ST also produced grain yield as much as MT in 2006, while the differences among tillage systems were nonsignificant in 2007.Öğe Determination of Agricultural Farm Structure and Mechanisation Level in the Canakkale Region(Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp, 2022) Ozpinar, SakineThis study was conducted to determine the current mechanisation level in agricultural farms of the Bayramic-Ezine-Kumkale agricultural plains, in Canakkale (Dardanelles) region of west of Turkey. For this purpose, a questionnaire was carried out for 401 farms capable of growing both field and horticulture crops. Results indicated that each farm having small size characteristic has at least one tractor, but 19.20% of farms included more than one tractor. The status of having one (91.67%) or more (41.67%) tractors per farm was higher in Bayramic, due to growing both field and horticulture crops. However, the highest number of tractors was recorded in Kumkale farms (60.00%), followed by Ezine ( 31.65%) and Bayramic (8.35%). Most of them are young, but 12.00% are older than 24-year, especially Massey Ferguson-135, Universal and Fiat (54C, 480). The most used tractor brand has been New Holland ( 32.15%), followed by Massey Ferguson (18.99%), Fiat (9.11%), John Deere (8.10%), Case IH (7.85%), Same (5.05%), Deutz (4.05%), Steyr ( 3.54%), Valt ra (2.28%) and others ( Ford, Hattat, Erkunt, Basak, Tumosan, Universal, Kubota and Landini). On average three plains, 77.03% of farms were preferred to purchase the new tractors, 22.97% preferred the secondhand. Tractor was 0.99 per farm, but it was the highest in Ezine (1.17). Agricultural area per tractor was 11.7 hectare on average three plains, the highest for Kumkale (13.6 hectare) and the lowest for Ezine (8.3 hectare per tractor). Machinery per tractor was 7.67 for all farms, but Kumkale (8.78) had the highest, and then followed by Bayramic (6.58) and Ezine (5.87).Öğe Determination of Structural Properties of Agriculture in Canakkale Province(Univ Namik Kemal, 2017) Ozpinar, Sakine; Urkmez, UnalIn order to have a more precise description of agricultural farm structure which has significant affect on agricultural mechanizaton properties and characteristics of crop production systems, as well as to assess possibilities for improving production and farming conditions in which crop production is organized, a survey based research was directed at selected group of farms the Canakkale province. 570 questionnaires have been used to determine structural properties of the agricultural farms registered to farmer registration system in 2012-2013 years. Questionnaire was divided into four sections: general information of the farm, agricultural and structural information, education and the perspectives of future farming. In results, average age in the most of analysed farms was 45 years, and person in each family was 3.72, but 2 persons of them were contributed to the agricultural production. The most of family persons have primary education while the rate of graduates from the university were quite low with 5%. The distribution of the rate of owned and hired agriculture land was the same. The main crops was wheat, tomatoes, olive and horticulture production. 58% of the total agricultural land was irrigated by ground-water, the rest of the land with 43% was non-irrigated, especially under cereal production. The most of farmers have expresed a positive expectation from future due to appropriate agricultural policies such as grant of mechanization equipments.Öğe Determination of the Relationship Between Orobanche ramosa L. and Phytomyza orobanchia Kaltenbach, (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Tomato Areas of Canakkale Province(Univ Namik Kemal, 2017) Ozpinar, Ali; Polat, Burak; Sahin, Ali Kursat; Ozpinar, SakineThis study was conducted to determine the infestation rate of broomrape (Orobanche ramose) and population density of its natural enemy Phytomyza orobanchia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in tomato production areas of Canakkale province, in 2013-2014 years. It is determined that 58% of tomato production areas of Canakkale is infested with broomrape and P. orobanchia was acquired from 1-13,6% of this areas. The relationship between broomrape plant density and P. orobanchia was investigated in 10 different tomato parcels with different tomato cultivars. It is determined that, broomrape plants were observed after July 4th and P. orobanchia were acquired from plant samples after August 15th. Adult emergence has continued throughout September, until the end of harvest season. The highest number of P. orobanchia adults was observed from Rio Grande cultivar, which was sowed in May 25th.Öğe Effect of different tillage systems on the quality and crop productivity of a clay-loam soil in semi-arid north-western Turkey(Elsevier, 2006) Ozpinar, Sakine; Cay, AnilA 2-year study was conducted to investigate the effect of three tillage systems on the properties of clay-loam soil (EutricVertisol) planted with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Canakkale province of north-western Turkey. Crop productivity was also evaluated. The three tillage treatments were: (1) conventional tillage involving mouldboard ploughing followed by two discings (MT); (2) shallow tillage consisting of rototilling followed by one discing (RT); (3) double discing (DD). In the first year of the study, bulk density (BD) was found significantly lower under RT at both 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths with 1.24 and 1.32 Mg cm(-3), respectively, when compared to MT treatment. However, MT at 20-30 cm provided the highest BD, at 1.49 Mg cm-3. In the second year of the study, DD had the lowest BD at all depths followed by RT and MT. Based on the 2-year mean, aggregate size distribution (ASD) and mean weight diameter (MWD) were significantly influenced by tillage treatments. The greatest MWD was obtained with DD, followed by MT and RT. Increasing MWD and coarse aggregates decreased seedling emergence. Organic carbon increased after RT, DD, and MT by 58%, 30%, and 18%, respectively, when compared to the amount at the beginning of the study. Similarly, the total N in the soil and straw was higher after RT than the other treatments. At 1.76 MPa, penetration resistance at 18-30 cm was significantly higher during the growing period using DD, followed by RT with 1.35 MPa and MT with 1.33 MPa. There was no significant difference between treatments at 0-18 cm. Increasing OC and total N and decreasing BD and PR under RT increased grain yield to 4611 kg ha(-1), followed by MT and DD at 4375 and 4163 kg ha(-1), respectively, according to the 2-year mean. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of tillage on productivity of a winter wheat-vetch rotation under dryland Mediterranean conditions(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Ozpinar, SakineAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three tillage systems on crop yield in a winter wheat-vetch (Vicia sativa L.) rotation during 3-year growing seasons on a clay-loam soil in the northwest region of Turkey. The three tillage treatments were: (1) conventional tillage (CT); (2) shallow tillage (ST); (3) double disk tillage (DD). The wheat grain yield was significantly affected by tillage when averaged across years. The highest wheat grain yield was obtained with shallow tillage treatment. The year affected wheat grain yield significantly, mainly due to the distribution of rainfall through the growing season and probably due to the wheat-vetch rotation. Heads density and head length increased significantly with shallow tillage when compared with conventional tillage. Tillage practices had no significant influence on thousand kernel weight. Results from this study indicated that for a dryland wheat-vetch rotation cropping system, shallow tillage had higher wheat grain yields than that obtained from conventional tillage. Furthermore, mouldboard ploughing tillage in this crop rotation could be replaced by shallow tillage that would increase yield and would be likely to improve soil properties in the long-term. On the other hand, double disk tillage proved to be a promising soil management practice to improve vetch grain yield when compared with conventional tillage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Maize growth and development as affected by tillage systems under mediterranean conditions(Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 2013) Ozpinar, Ali; Ozpinar, SakineConservation tillage has proven to be very effective in reducing runoff and in increasing soil water storage. In semi-arid cropping situations, the later fact should result in a greater yield potential for conservation than for conventional tillage. The objective this study was to determine the influence of tillage on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions in the western Turkey. The experiment was conducted from 2005 through 2009 on a clay loam soil under shallow rototiller, chisel and mouldboard plough tillage systems. Results indicated that root biomass was higher in rototiller than in plough and chisel. Rototiller also provided higher plant biomass in all days after planting in three of the five years. The highest root dry matter by soil depth found at the 0 to 10 cm compared with the 10 to 20 cm and the 20 to 30 cm for all study years in three tillage systems. Rototiller also increased the plant height during the early part of the growing season when compared with plough and chisel, with the exception of the last part of the growing season that they showed similar. On the other hand, the highest root dry matter by soil depth found at the 0 to 10 cm compared with the 10 to 20 cm and the 20 to 30 cm for all study years in three tillage systems. Considering the tillage systems, the lowest root dry matter was found in plough, especially in 2008 of the 20 to 30 cm depth when compared with rototiller and chisel. Grain yield was also found higher in rototiller than in plough and chisel in two of the five years. © 2013 Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.Öğe MAIZE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AS AFFECTED BY TILLAGE SYSTEMS UNDER MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS(Czech University Life Sciences Prague, 2013) Ozpinar, Ali; Ozpinar, SakineConservation tillage has proven to be very effective in reducing runoff, and in increasing soil water storage. In semi-arid cropping situations, the later fact should result in a greater yield potential for conservation than for conventional tillage. The objective this study was to determine the influence of tillage on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions in the western Turkey. The experiment was conducted from 2005 through 2009 on a clay loam soil under shallow rototiller, chisel and mouldboard plough tillage systems. Results indicated that root biomass was higher in rototiller than in plough and chisel. Rototiller also provided higher plant biomass in all days after planting in three of the five years. The highest root dry matter by soil depth found at the 0 to 10 cm compared with the 10 to 20 cm and the 20 to 30 cm for all study years in three tillage systems. Rototiller also increased the plant height during the early part of the growing season when compared with plough and chisel, with the exception of the last part of the growing season that they showed similar. On the other hand, the highest root dry matter by soil depth found at the 0 to 10 cm compared with the 10 to 20 cm and the 20 to 30 cm for all study years in three tillage systems. Considering the tillage systems, the lowest root dry matter was found in plough, especially in 2008 of the 20 to 30 cm depth when compared with rototiller and chisel. Grain yield was also found higher in rototiller than in plough and chisel in two of the five years..Öğe Nutrient concentration and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) after vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in conventional and reduced tillage systems(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2016) Ozpinar, SakineThe effects of tillage on plant availability nutrients are critical to develop nutrient management strategies to optimize yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in the concentration of 19-nutrient and yield after 4-year of conventional [moldboard plough (MT)] and two reduced [rototiller (ST) and chisel (CT)] tillage systems in maize (Zea mays L.) after winter vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in double crop one year. Three tillage systems were compared from 2005 to 2008 in area located in the western region of Turkey under semi-arid Mediterranean clay-loam soils. Nutrients were determined in maize leaves, stems, roots and soils. Results show that the concentration of macronutrients were found to be higher in leaves and stems of maize than roots in three tillage systems of all years, while the opposite was true for micronutrients. Among the macro and micro-nutrients, there was no effect of tillage on nutrient concentration in all maize tissues for sulfur, magnesium, sodium and copper (S, Mg, Na and Cu). However, the nitrogen, potassium, calcium, boron, zinc, manganese, iron, aluminum, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, lead and selenium (N, K, Ca, B, Zn, Mn, Fe, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Se) were affected by tillage. ST increased N in stems of 2006 compared with other systems. K in roots of 2006 was 52 and 30% greater in CT than in ST and MT, respectively, while ST and MT of 2007 resulted in 38 and 41% greater than CT. In two of four years, ST contributed to higher grain yield compared with other systems. In general, ST can effectively contribute to increase maize yield following winter vetch compared with MT under this region. Results suggested the need for different management systems associated with reduced tillage including rotation, particularly for basic nutrients. Further, results showed similarities and differences with other studies under tillage with maize following winter vetch.Öğe Rainfed wheat energy balance of different tillage systems in western Turkey(Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 2013) Ozpinar, Sakine; Ozpinar, AliData from a field experiment conducted in western Turkey over 3-year period (2001-2004) were used to determine the energy balance of continuous winter wheat as affected by three tillage systems under rainfed conditions in Mediterranean climate. Tillage systems included mouldboard plough, rototiller and tandem disk. As inputs, the factors supplied and controlled by farmers were considered. The energy balance was assessed by comparing the variables: net energy output (energy output minus energy input), energy output/input ratio, and energy productivity (wheat grain yield per unit energy input). According to 3-year mean, the grain yield ranking from the highest to the lowest was rototiller>disk> plough, indicating that grain yield increased as tillage decreased. The total energy inputs were 1.8 and 1.1 times greater in rototiller than in disk and plough, respectively. Rototiller required higher energy input for energy used in production of rototiller than disk (46.53% less) and plough (6.93% less). Energy output was highest in rototiller. Hence, the highest net energy was found in rototiller (26%) than in plough and disk while the difference between both was less. Output/input ratio and energy productivity was higher in disk than in plough and rototiller. This indicates that, in terms of energy efficiency, the viability of rototiller (low-input field practises, high yields and net energy) under rainfed conditions, compared to plough requiring high-input field practices (low yields and net energy), would appear more recommendable. In addition, both rototiller and disk systems improve the energy efficiency of wheat production compared with plough. © 2013 Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.Öğe RAINFED WHEAT ENERGY BALANCE OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN WESTERN TURKEY(Czech University Life Sciences Prague, 2013) Ozpinar, Sakine; Ozpinar, AliData from a field experiment conducted in western Turkey over 3-year period (2001-2004) were used to determine the energy balance of continuous winter wheat as affected by three tillage systems under rainfed conditions in Mediterranean climate. Tillage systems included mouldboard plough, rototiller and tandem disk As inputs, the factors supplied and controlled by farmers were considered The energy balance was assessed by comparing the variables: net energy output (energy output minus energy input), energy output/input ratio, and energy productivity (wheat grain yield per unit energy input). According to 3-year mean, the grain yield ranking from the highest to the lowest was rototiller>disk>plough, indicating that grain yield increased as tillage decreased The total energy inputs were 1.8 and 1.1 times greater in rototiller than in disk and plough, respectively. Rototiller required higher energy input for energy used in production of rototiller than disk (46.53% less) and plough (6.93% less). Energy output was highest in rototiller. Hence, the highest net energy was found in rototiller (26%) than in plough and disk while the difference between both was less. Output/input ratio and energy productivity was higher in disk than in plough and rototiller. This indicates that, in terms of energy efficiency, the viability of rototiller (low-input field practises, high yields and net energy) under rainfed conditions, compared to plough requiring high-input field practices (low yields and net energy), would appear more recommendable. In addition, both rototiller and disk systems improve the energy efficiency of wheat production compared with plough.Öğe Soil management effect on soil properties in traditional and mechanized vineyards under a semiarid Mediterranean environment(Elsevier, 2018) Ozpinar, Sakine; Ozpinar, Ali; Cay, AnilThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term tillage on soil bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), soil temperature (ST), electrical conductivity (EC), pH and oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) in both the topsoil and subsoil of vineyards in an area with the same soil type in Bozcaada. Mechanized tillage practices consisting of using tractor-driven rotary tiller (TDR) and field cultivator (TDC) were tested against hand driven rotary tiller (HDR) in two vineyards (wired-wide row spacing) for two growing periods. These practices involved mechanical weeding by frequent tilling and cultivating in late winter and early spring, and rotary-tilling in early summer in rainfed vineyard soils. The BD was sampled six times in two years of growing period for each tillage at 20 cm intervals between 0-60 cm in two row positions (between and in-row) while PR, ST and ODR were at the same depths of BD in the second growing period. BD in both TDR and HDR showed similarity in terms of soil depths and row positions in two growing periods, but it is lower in TDC. The highest values of the PR (1.65-2.61 MPa) were found below the depth of tilling (20 cm) regardless of tillage systems. PR was higher under HDR at subsoil in between-row than in in-row compared to TDR and TDC. However, TDC had the lowest PR in both between and in-row, especially at the subsoil, compared to HDR and TDR. The differences in BD and PR with respect to row position and soil depth were more pronounced in both TDR and HDR than in TDC. ODR was higher at topsoil than subsoil in both row positions for three tillage systems, but the highest ODR was in TDC throughout the soil profile.Öğe The Role of Agricultural Mechanization in Farming System in a Continental Climate(Univ Namik Kemal, 2018) Ozpinar, Sakine; Cay, AnilAs is known, the use of mechanization for agriculture production have crucial importance for crop quality and yield in unit area. The mechanization of agricultural production is constantly renewing itself, depending on the time with the development of technology. For this reason, it is necessary to make determinations periodically for the current situation of the mechanization development in an agricultural area. Therefore, a study was conducted for a local area named Elbistan district, to put out agricultural potential and mechanization facilities used. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to this area including 5-village of 70 farms which were decided according to farmers recording system. Results indicated that 81% of the farms had only one-tractor while the rest of them had two-tractor which represent medium-sized tractors with average 60 kW of power. Massey Ferguson was most used tractor followed by Turriosan which were under economic life limit. It was also concluded that tractors mainly used for soil tillage practices with 45% followed by sowing (16%), transporters (14%), hoeing (9%), irrigation (8%), fertilizing (4%), spraying (2%), and other operations (2%). The machinery per tractor was found 7 which were completely performed in conventional farming system, especially in sugar beet, maize and wheat growing under dry farming. On the other hand, farm size was found very small mainly 5 decare by the rate of 44% which has similar to the type of parcels in our country while followed by 5-10 hectare with 25%. Additionally, sugar beet was major popular crop and grown by 53% farmers because of available processing unit in the region. Maize was second crop grown by 27% while wheat was third one in this study area.Öğe Tillage effects on soil properties and maize productivity in western Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Ozpinar, Sakine; Ozpinar, AliInformation regarding the evaluation of long-term tillage effects on soil properties and summer maize growth after winter vetch in western Turkey is not available. Therefore, this study was conducted for 5years with three types of tillage including conventional (mouldboard plough) and conservation (rototiller and chisel). Results indicated that tillage had no significant effect on penetration resistance, except at the bottom of 20cm soil depth where it was higher in mouldboard plough than in rototiller and chisel. Bulk density in the topsoil of 10cm decreased with the degree of soil manipulation during tillage practices. Rototiller caused significantly higher root, leaf and stems biomass and plant height than the other systems. The root dry weight was higher in the topsoil of 10cm than at the bottom of this soil depth for all systems. The highest root dry weight was found in fourth year of chisel, but the lowest was recorded in the same year of plough, especially at the bottom of 20cm due to higher penetration. Rototiller improved soil properties and maize growth compared to other systems in 2 of 5years. We concluded that using rototiller for maize after winter vetch will be more effective compared with other systems.
