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Öğe Influence of Tillage and Crop Rotation Systems on Economy and Weed Density in a Semi-arid Region(Tarbiat Modares Univ, 2011) Ozpinar, S.; Ozpinar, A.A long-term rotation experiment was established in 2001 to compare conservation or reduced tillage systems (shallow rototiller and chisel tillage) with conventional tillage system using mouldboard plough in a semi-arid region with Mediterranean climate. Field experiments were conducted to determine weed density and profitability of cropping systems in a crop rotation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-winter vetch (Vicia sativa L.) from 2001 to 2004 and winter wheat-winter vetch/summer maize (Zea mays L.) from 2004 to 2009. Results indicated that, rototiller markedly increased total weed density, as compared with mouldboard plough, by 72% and 58% in maize and vetch, respectively, while total weed density was statistically similar for the three tillage systems in wheat. Maize yield was significantly higher for rototiller and the lowest for chisel compared to mouldboard plough, but, there were no significant differences in wheat yield between the two tillage systems. Chisel and mouldboard plough resulted in a high yield of vetch in the last five years of the vetch growing season, but there were no significant differences in yield between tillage systems in the first three growing seasons of the crop. Based on market returns, gross margin over production costs were significantly higher for rototiller in wheat and maize when compared with mouldboard plough by 20.7% and 15.3%, respectively. Chisel production costs were similar to rototiller and lower than plough; but, chisel had a gross margin similar to mouldboard plough and higher than rototiller, in both vetch growing seasons. Time savings were 43% and 47% for rototiller and chisel, respectively, as compared with plough in wheat. The corresponding values in vetch and maize were, for rototiller, 46% and 50%, and, for chisel, 28% and 32%, respectively.Öğe Price Analysis of Used Tractors in Canakkale Province(Univ Namik Kemal, 2008) Sumer, S. K.; Say, S. M.; Ozpinar, S.The control of machinery costs is a key factor in improving the profitability of a farm. On many farms 30-40% of the fixed costs can be allocated to farm machinery. For this reason, the purchase of a tractor is one of the most important decisions to be made on any farm. A correct decision will benefit the business considerably but the wrong decision will be an expensive mistake to be regretted for many years. There are two different way to purchase the tractors in any farm. One of them is purchasing the tractor as new one, the other one is purchasing the he tractors as used or second hand. are purchased as new in some farms instead of purchasing he tractor as second hand or used. The used tractor prices and market conditions should be evaluated for the correct agricultural machinery management decisions. Price analysis of the used tractors has to be used in hiring or purchasing decision. In addition to that, Optimum equipment size calculations require the price data of used tractors. In the scope of this research, second hand tractor price data gathered from the showrooms in the Canakkale province were evaluated. Before all else, general structure of second hand tractor market were defined by applying a comprehensive questionnaire to showroom owners. In addition, second hand tractor prices were arranged according to brand-model, age and power category.Öğe Technical and Economical Analysis of Some Fruits Hand Harvested in Canakkale, and Determination of Some Propeties of Fruits Related with Mechanical Harvest(Univ Namik Kemal, 2009) Kocabiyik, H.; Kavdir, I; Ozpinar, S.The aim of this study is to obtain work efficiency, energy of labor force, and some physico-mechanical properties such as skin failure, tensile force and the ratio of fruit mass to tensile force for harvesting of apple, peach, apricot, cherry and plum. Mechanical properties were analysed through the puncture test and tensile test. According to the measuring and results of evaluation, work efficiency ranged from 10.26 to 230.97 kg/h for all fruits. Energy of labor force was beetwen 11.58 and 260.22 MJ/ton for all fruits. The highest energy of labor force was determined for cherry harvest. The ratio of fruit mass to tensile force was higher than 1 for all fruits.Öğe Tillage and cover crop effects on maize yield and soil nitrogen(2009) Ozpinar, S.Tillage and spring kill cover crop may affect crop N-accumulation and subsequent N release to the soil, thereby influencing maize (Zea mays L.) uptake and yield. We examined the influence of three tillage practices [conventional tillage with mouldboard plough (MP) as using traditionally tillage, chisel tillage (CT), shallower rototiller tillage (ST)], one cover crop management systems [common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)] on cover crop N accumulation, soil N, and maize biomass yield and N uptake. An experiment was conducted on a clay-loam soil from 2005 to 2008 in a semi-arid region in Mediterranean conditions. Cover crop N accumulation was higher with MT than ST and CT due to increased biomass yield over all year average. However, maize biomass yield and N uptake were found higher in ST than in MT and CT. Soil N at 0-30 cm depth at maize planting was higher in ST followed by CT and MT. Similarly, soil N was determined higher in ST at the end of establishment year followed by MT and CT, respectively. The results can be applied in regions where cover crops can be grown in the winter to reduce soil erosion and N leaching and where tillage intensity and N fertilization rates can be minimized to reduce the costs of energy requirement for tillage and N fertilization while optimizing crop production.Öğe TILLAGE AND COVER CROP EFFECTS ON MAIZE YIELD AND SOIL NITROGEN(Scientific Issues Natl Centre Agrarian Sciences, 2009) Ozpinar, S.Tillage and spring kill cover crop may affect crop N-accumulation and subsequent N release to the soil, thereby influencing maize (Zea mays L.) uptake and yield. We examined the influence of three tillage practices [conventional tillage with mouldboard plough (MP) as using traditionally tillage, chisel tillage (CT), shallower rototiller tillage (ST)], one cover crop management systems [common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)] on cover crop N accumulation, soil N, and maize biomass yield and N uptake. An experiment was conducted on a clay-loam soil from 2005 to 2008 in a semi-arid region in Mediterranean conditions. Cover crop N accumulation was higher with MT than ST and CT due to increased biomass yield over all year average. However, maize biomass yield and N uptake were found higher in ST than in MT and CT. Soil N at 0-30 cm depth at maize planting was higher in ST followed by CT and MT. Similarly, soil N was determined higher in ST at the end of establishment year followed by MT and CT, respectively. The results can be applied in regions where cover crops can be grown in the winter to reduce soil erosion and N leaching and where tillage intensity and N fertilization rates can be minimized to reduce the costs of energy requirement for tillage and N fertilization while optimizing crop production.
