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    Effects of tillage on biomass, roots, N-accumulation of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) on a clay loam soil in semi-arid conditions
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Ozpinar, S; Baytekin, H
    The experiment was conducted during the cropping period of 2001-2004, to evaluate the effects of three tillage systems: conventional tillage with mouldboard plough (CT), shallow tillage with rototiller (ST) and double disc tillage (DD) on growth (biomass and roots), concentration of organic C and N, grain yield and yield components of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). Based on the 3-year results, at the time just before green forage harvesting, the nitrogen content in biomass was higher in the CT followed by DD and ST, and corresponding values for grain and soil nitrogen were higher in the DD followed by CT and ST. Nitrogen content in roots was higher in the ST compared with that of the DD and ST treatments. Organic carbon in soil increased after DD, ST and CT with 21.3, 18.0 and 12.5 Mg kg(-1), respectively; as compared to the amount at the beginning of the study at a depth of 0-20 cm. Organic carbon improvement in the DD treatment was also associated with a significant increase in grain yield compared to the other treatments. DD resulted in a reduced number of seed per pod and 1000-seed weight compared with CT. However, dry weight of biomass at the early podding stage was slightly higher under CT, although the main stem and plant height were lower than ST, which produced higher root weight. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of tillage systems on weed population and economics for winter wheat production under the Mediterranean dryland conditions
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Ozpinar, S
    Unsuitable tillage practices have often been identified as major constraints to cereal crop production in northwest of Turkey. In an effort to increase crop production, decrease the production costs and conserve the soil from degradation through mechanical manipulation of the soil, field experiments were conducted during the two cropping periods of 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 to evaluate the effects of tillage systems on grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), weed density and tillage economy on a clay-loam soil. The tillage systems used were: conventional tillage (CT) with mouldboard plough, reduced tillage with rototiller (RT) and disc (DT). The economic analysis was made by comparing the gross margin in each tillage system based on the 2004 input costs and product prices. As result of this study, weed density was significantly higher for disc and this was followed by rototiller and mouldboard plough in terms of the sum of all the weed species both in 2002 and 2003: 56, 36, 29 and 65, 52, 49 weeds m(-2), respectively. Although tillage systems had no significant influence on grain yield in 2003 but in 2002 the highest grain yield was significantly earned with rototiller, followed by mouldboard plough and disc: 4055, 3540 and 3188 kg ha(-1), respectively. Further, rototiller resulted in the highest gross margin per hectare ($ 122) significantly because of the higher grain yield compared with mouldboard plough ($ 22), followed by disc ($ 7) that provided the lowest gross margin according to the average of two years. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of tillage, ridging and row spacing on seedling emergence and yield of cotton
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2004) Ozpinar, S; Isik, A
    Field experiments were conducted at Harran Plain on a clay silt soil (Xerosol in FAO/UNESCO soil classification) in Southeast of Turkey in 1996 and 1997 to study the effects of cotton planting system, tillage method, and row spacing on the performances of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), such as seedling emergence and yield. The tillage methods evaluated were: traditional (inversion) with a mouldboard plough (M) and conservation (non-inversion) with chisel tine (C). The seedbeds studied were: normal planting system (NS) with no-ridging, and ridge planting system (RS). Results showed that mouldboard plough had slightly greater yield than chisel in each year but the difference was not significance in 1997. Non-ridging had the second best emergence rate and yield according to 2 years mean. Ridging with chisel in 70 cm row spacing produced the highest seedling emergence for both years, but the difference was not significance in 1997. The yields obtained for ridging with mouldboard plough from 70 cm row spacing in 1996, and for ridging with mouldboard plough from 76 cm in 1997 were superior to the other applications. Finally 70 cm row spacing produced the highest seedling emergence and yield in both years regardless of the treatment. Row spacing of 90 cm resulted in the lowest seedling emergence and yield in both years regardless of the treatment. The results indicate that ridging can be used instead of non-ridging with 76 cm row spacing (suitable for mechanical harvesting) which gave similar yield to the ridging with 70cm row spacing in 1997, and both of the planting systems with 76 cm seem to be suitable to mechanical harvesting. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.