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Öğe Analysis of relative age effect in muscular strength of adolescent swimmers(Iermakov S S, 2019) Atar, O.; Ozen, G.; Koc, H.Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of relative age in anthropometric measurements, muscular strength of adolescent swimmers. Material: The study sample was composed of 40 volunteers adolescent well-trained swimmers. Participants were grouped as swimmers born in the first quarter (January, February and March) and in the last quarter (October, November and December) of the same year. Anthropometric measurements were taken from each participant, and body mass index of participants were calculated. To determine performance parameters, handgrip, back and leg strength tests were performed on participants. The level of statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the body height and BMI (p < .05), but body weight differences were not statistically significant between swimmers who are born first and last quarter of the same year (p > .05). There were significant differences in the means of absolute leg and handgrip strength between relative age groups. There were statistically significant differences in the means of relative back, leg and handgrip strength between groups (p < .05). All mean relative strength values of participants significantly differed in favour of the group born in the first quarter of the year. Conclusions: As a result of this study, it is determined that relative age has an effect on the measured anthropometric and muscular strength parameters of adolescent well-trained swimmers. The findings of this study revealed that relative age is an important factor to be considered in swimming performance in adolescent swimmers.Öğe Comparative analysis of hematological parameters in well-trained athletes and untrained men(Iermakov S S, 2018) Koc, H.; Ozen, G.; Abanoz, H.; Pulur, A.Purpose: The purpose of current study was to investigate the hematology parameters of male athletes who had exercised regularly for five years and sedentary male university students. Material: The sample consisted of 18 well-trained and 18 sedentary male university students aged between 20 and 22 years old. The peripheral fasting blood samples were collected from each participant. Laboratory analysis was made to determine the red and white blood cells counts and their concentration percentage. Results: The means of white blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte counts, and lymphocyte and monocyte percentages were significantly lower in the well-trained group while the means of hemoglobin count, mean cell hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution width were significantly lower in sedentary group (p > .05). However, no statistically significant difference between groups was found in red blood cell counts, granulocyte counts, and granulocyte percentages (p > .05). Conclusions: Our findings show that athletes participating in the long-term regular exercise have the high level of the concentration of red blood cells subtypes and the low level of the concentration of white blood cells subtypes when compared to their sedentary peers. Because their hematologic values remain within the reference range for healthy people, these differences do not pose any serious clinical problems for athletes. The high RBC and low WBC subtypes values of athletes may be explained by chronic adaptation to long-term exercise.Öğe Digit ratio (2D:4D): relationship with freestyle swimming performance of adolescent well-trained swimmers(Iermakov S S, 2019) Ozen, G.; Atar, O.; Koc, H.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between the digit ratios and freestyle swimming performance of adolescent well-trained swimmers. Material: Twenty-two well-trained male swimmers who had at least 3 years of swim training experience were recruited as participants. The participants' mean age was 14.1 +/- 1.5 years, body height was 164.5 +/- 11.3 cm, and body mass was 54.4 +/- 11.2 kg. Participants' body height, mass, index finger (2D) and ring finger (4D) lengths were measured and digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index of participants was calculated. To determine the swimming performance of participants, the short (50m and 100m) and middle (200m and 400m) distance freestyle time-trial swimming tests were performed on participants.The association between the 2D:4D ratio and the swimming performance were determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Our findings indicated that there were strong negative correlations (r > .50) between the mean of BMI and swimming times of adolescent swimmers. (p > .05). However, result of this study revealed no relationship between the digit ratio (2D:4D) and swimming performance in adolescent swimmers. (p > .05). Conclusions: As a result, it may be stated that the 2D:4D ratio of swimmers is not a major parameter in predicting swimming performance for adolescent swimmers.Öğe Health anxiety status of elite athletes in COVID-19 social isolation period(Aepress Sro, 2020) Ozen, G.; Koc, H.; Aksoy, C.AIM: The aim of this study is to examine the health anxiety states and behaviours of athletes during the social isolation period due to COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: 250 elite athletes participated in the study. 154 of the participants were males and 96 were females. Health Anxiety Scale was used to determine the health anxiety states of the participants in the COVID-19 pandemic process. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that athletes who were tested for COVID-19 and who thought they had symptoms of the disease had higher levels of health anxiety and athletes who reported a temporary loss in athletic performance had higher disease anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation process have some effects on athletes' health anxiety. It will be beneficial to provide psychological support in this period for athletes to have a fast return to competitions and match after the pandemic (Tab. 5, Ref. 24). Text in PDF www.elis.skÖğe Investigation of relationship between attitude to physical education course and school belonging(Iermakov S S, 2020) Ugras, S.; Ozen, G.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between students' attitudes towards physical education course and belonging to school. Material: Research group comprised of 589 (51.5%) males and 555 (48.5%) female students in secondary schools of Malatya province. 250 (21.9%) of the students were 5th grade, 219 (19.1%) were 6th grade, 387 (33.8%) were 7th grade and 288 (25%) 2) 8th grade students. School Belonging Scale and Attitude scale to Physical Education course were used as a quantitative data collection tool. Pearson correlation test, simple and multiple regression analyses were used to statistical analysis. Significance level was accepted as p < .05. Results: It was found that there were significant positive correlations in the all sub-domains of attitude and school belonging dimensions to physical education course (p < .05). Regression analyses revealed that the attitudes of students to physical education course predicted school belonging by 11% and students' attitudes towards physical education course predicted school belonging by 10% (p < . 05). Conclusions: As a result, students' attitudes towards physical education course increase, their belonging to school increases. In order to increase students' attitudes towards physical education course, it is possible to plan the content and structure of the course in a more fun way.Öğe INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MUSCULAR STRENGTH IN ELITE TURKISH MOUNTAIN BIKERS(South Ural State Univ, Scientific Research Dept, 2022) Boyraz, O. C.; Akgonul, E. Kurkcu; Ozen, G.Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric cha-racteristics and muscular strength of Turkish elite moutain bikers. Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 12 Turkish elite male mountain bikers who participating in national and international cross country olimpic (XCO) mountain bike races in elite category for the last 2 years. Participants mean age was 22.4 +/- 3.4 years, body height was 173.2 +/- 5.18 cm, and body mass was 55.7 +/- 75.2 kg. Participants body height and weigth were measured and body mass index of participants was calculated. To determine the muscular strength, one repetition maximum (1-RM) tests were performed on participants. The associa-tion between anthropometric characteristics and the muscular strength performance were determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results. The mean of body heigth was positively correlated with 1-RM means for triceps pull-down and leg extension, body weigth was positively correlated with 1-RM means for biceps curl, triceps pull-down, shoulder press, lat pulldown, abdominal crunch, leg extension and leg curl, BMI was positively correlated with 1-RM means for shoulder press, chest press and leg curl (p < .05). However, mean age not correlated with 1-RM means for all exercises (p > .05). Conclusions. In conclusion, body weight and body mass index values are important parameters to be considered in evaluation of muscle strength and strength training in mountain bike riders.Öğe Retrospective analysis of injury trends in recreational skiers and snowboarders in Erciyes Ski Centre(Iermakov S S, 2018) Ozen, G.; Yilmaz, E.; Koc, H.; Akalan, C.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the important differences in overall rates and frequency of injury cases and injury characteristics between the recreational alpine skiers and snowboarders in Erciyes Ski Centre. Material: The data for this research was obtained from the Erciyes Ski Centre Injury Surveillance System. A total of 834 injury cases that ski patrols registered injury cases caused by recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding during the 2002 to 2017 winter seasons were respectively examined. The injury cases were grouped according to the skiing disciplines. All data were analysed using SPSS software. Results: Injury cases were 690 skiers (82.7%) and 144 snowboarders (17.3%). 397 (57.5%) male and 293 (42.5%) female were skiers and 91 (63.2%) male and 53 (36.8%) female were snowboarders. There was no statistically significant difference between the gender ratios in skiers and snowboarders (p >.05). Data analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the ratios of lower and upper extremity injuries between skiers and snowboarders (p <.05). Skiers suffered more lower extremity injuries while snowboarders suffered more upper extremity injuries (p <.05). Contusion was the most common injuries type in both skiers and snowboarders (p <.05). Conclusions: The lower extremity injuries in skiers and the upper extremity injuries in snowboarders were more common with respect to body location of injuries. For both the recreational activities, contusion was the most common injury type.Öğe THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON TURKISH WELL TRAINED CYCLIST'S PRE-COMPETITION ANXIETY LEVEL(South Ural State Univ, Scientific Research Dept, 2022) Akgonul, E. Kurkcu; Sahin, T.; Ozen, G.Aim. The aim of this study is to examine national team level Turkish cyclist's pre competition anxiety level before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. Study held on the Turkish cyclists who is racing in international level. A total of 31 riders with mean age 18.25 +/- 1.87; length 169.45 +/- 7.73 cm and weight 61.18 +/- 6.59 kg. In the study, the Turkish version of the Sport Competition Anxiety Test-SCAT developed by Rainer Martens in 1977 was used. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the difference between the socio-demographic characteristics and SCAT scores of cyclist. Statistical significance was accepted as p <.05. Results. According to the findings, there is small difference between the anxiety scores of the cyclists before and after the pandemic, but it was no significant. It was concluded that the pandemic process did not statistically increase the anxiety of cyclists. In addition, it was found that there was no significant difference between the pre competition anxiety levels before and after the pandemic in terms of gender, category, economic level, education level, mother's education level, place of residence variables and specialty. Conclusion. As a result, it was found that the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant effect on the racing anxiety of well-trained cyclists. This result shows that the competition anxiety level of experienced athletes who have been cycling for at least 6 years and the passivity during the five-six-month pandemic period do not affect the competition anxiety levels of the athletes. However, considering the possibility of prolongation of the pandemic process, research on this issue should continue in the long term.
