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    Dietary Carotenoids Influence Growth, Fillet Pigmentation, and Quality Characteristics of Black Sea Trout (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814)
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2022) Cankiriligil, Ekrem Cem; Berik, Nermin; Cakmak, Eyup; Ozel, Osman Tolga; Alp-Erbay, Esen
    This study was designed to evaluate the effects of carotenoid-containing diets on the culture characteristics, colour profile, and sensorial properties of Black Sea trout (Salmo labrax). Fish of approximately 300 g in weight were fed diets containing different levels of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and lycopene at 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm for 90 days. Ten feeding trials, including basal and carotenoid-containing diets, were run in an open-flow seawater aquaculture system at approximately 15 degrees C and 18 parts per thousand salinity. At the end of the trial, fish were harvested and measurements were performed. The final weight, meat yield, and condition factor were found to be higher in fish fed with astaxanthin and canthaxanthin than in the control group. The highest values were achieved with carotenoid supplementation at 300 ppm for 90 days in both groups. The lowest meat yield and condition factor were found in the fish fed with lycopene. The most effective pigmentation was achieved with 300 ppm astaxanthin at the end of the 90-day feeding trial with colour values of 61.34 L*, 29.84 a*, and 30.21 b*. In sensorial analyses, it was found that the most appreciated group in terms of both appearance and textural properties was the astaxanthin group, similarly to the results of colour measurements. Finally, carotenoid accumulation in the blood serum and fillets of Black Sea trout was determined and modelled with a Box-Behnken design via response surface methodology regarding carotenoid levels and feeding period.
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    Influence of laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oil on gut function of Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax) juveniles
    (Springer, 2022) Ozel, Osman Tolga; Cankiriligil, Ekrem Cem; Erturk-Gurkan, Selin; Coskun, Isa; Ture, Mustafa
    The present work investigated the effects of dietary incorporation of laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oil on the zootechnical performance and digestive physiology of juvenile Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax). In this trial, 15 fiberglass tanks (39 x 39 cm square and 33 cm high) were used. Forty-five fish (3.52 +/- 0.01 g) were placed randomly per tank. Fish were fed for 90 days with the diet containing 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg kg(-1) laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils, respectively. The work was performed in the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) operating with freshwater. Fish were manually fed 3% level of live weight during the experiment period. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed conversion rate (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) were not affected by laurel essential oil supplementation. Dietary laurel essential oil (50 mg kg(-1)) affected positively the surface area of fish intestinal villus that required for digestion. Both villus height and villus width were affected positively in fish fed with 50 mg laurel essential oil kg(-1). While incorporation with 100 mg laurel essential oil kg(-1) increased the total alpha-amylase enzyme, 50 mg laurel kg(-1) increased lipase enzyme. Moreover, 50 mg laurel essential oil kg(-1) increased lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count in fish. Besides, 50 mg laurel essential oil kg(-1) reduced the number of total coliform and E. coli.