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    Are OECD Countries Converging in Export Diversification? Evidence from PANIC-Fourier Panel Unit Root Test
    (MDPI, 2025) Ozekicioglu, Halil; Topuz, Huseyin; Kazak, Hasan; Kilic, Cuneyt; Akcan, Ahmet Tayfur
    This study examines whether OECD countries have converged over time in terms of export diversification. Focusing on the period 1995-2023, the study employs a new Fourier function-enhanced panel unit root test that takes into account gradual changes instead of sudden breaks. The findings show that more than half of OECD countries have not converged in terms of export diversification. Export diversification plays an important role in achieving economic growth and development as well as long-term sustainability goals. In this context, the study provides critical data for policymakers in support of sustainable development goals. The results point to the need to reassess the economic and environmental impacts of export diversification policies in OECD countries.
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    Is export diversification detrimental to environmental quality? An examination of the roles of green innovation and environmental taxation
    (Iop Publishing Ltd, 2025) Topuz, Huseyin; Kazak, Hasan; Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur; Kilic, Cuneyt; Akcan, Ahmet Tayfur; Ozekicioglu, Halil
    The primary objective of this study is to assess the environmental impact of various factors, including export diversification and GDP, as well as elements believed to facilitate this assessment process, such as green innovation and environmental taxes. The study aims to identify factors that contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions. It analyzes data from 21 European Union (EU) member states for the period from 1995 to 2020, employing the FFFFF panel cointegration test. The findings indicate that export diversification (EXD), environmental taxes (ET), and economic growth (GDP) have a positive effect on CO2 emissions, whereas green innovation (GI) and GDP squared (GDP2) exert a negative influence. These results indicate that export diversification is detrimental to environmental quality. Another significant finding of the study is the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Finally, one of the most critical conclusions of the study is the negative impact of green innovation on the volume of CO2 emissions.
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    Relationship Between Migration and Unemployment: Panel Data Analysis for Selected OECD Countries
    (Economic Laboratory Transition Research Podgorica-Elit, 2019) Kilic, Cuneyt; Yucesan, Mesut; Ozekicioglu, Halil
    In this study, impacts of migration on labor market are studied. As changes experienced in the labor market of migration receiving and sending countries impact unemployment figures directly, the study is based on the determining the relationship between migration and unemployment. Literature investigating the relationship between migration and unemployment mainly focuses on the impacts of migration on labor markets. There is no generally accepted opinion on the direction and degree of impact of internal migration and international migration on unemployment. While some of the studies argue that migration has negative impact on unemployment, some argue just the opposite and even some express that there is no significant relationship between migration and unemployment. We investigate this direction and size of the relationship between migration and unemployment in 23 selected OECD countries. In panel data model we found that migration and economic growth have a negative and statistically significant effect on unemployment whereas; the consumer price index and average wages have a positive but statistically meaningless effect. It is observed that results obtained in this study are in parallel with the results of studies in the literature conducted by Kulkolkarn and Potipiti (2007), Heid and Larch (2011), Fromentin (2013) and Latif (2015).