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    Age structure and body size of the Strauch's racerunner, Eremias strauchi strauchi Kessler, 1878
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Altunisik, Abdullah; Gul, Cigdem; Ozdemir, Nurhayat; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Ergul, Tugba
    We studied, for the first time, the age structure of Eremias strauchi strauchi (Kessler, 1878) from a sample (18 adults) of a population living in the vicinity of Igdir (eastern Turkey) using the skeletochronological method. The maximum observed longevity was 7 years for males and 5 years for females. The age of males ranged from 4 to 7 years (mean 4.91, n = 12), while that of females ranged from 4 to 5 years (mean 4.66, n = 6). The average snout-vent length (SVL) was 61.10 mm in males and 60.82 mm in females. The differences in mean age and SVL between sexes were not statistically significant. Intersexual differences in body size were male-biased, but this state was not statistically significant. Age and SVL were positively correlated in both sexes.
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    AGE, ADULT SURVIVAL RATE, AND ADULT LIFE EXPECTANCY OF A Podarcis tauricus POPULATION (REPTILIA: LACERTIDAE) FROM SAROS BAY, TURKEY
    (Folium Publ Co, 2016) Altunisik, Abdullah; Kalayci, Tugba Ergul; Uysal, Ibrahim; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Ozdemir, Nurhayat
    In this study, the age composition of a Podarcis tauricus population from Saros Bay (northwest Turkey) was determined by skeletochronology. 27 preserved adults (20 female female, 5 male male, 2 juveniles) were evaluated and the maximum observed lifespan was recorded to be 7 years in females and 6 years in males. The mean age was 5.2 +/- 0.2 years in males and 5.0 +/- 0.2 years in females; the mean snout-vent length (SVL) was 63.0 +/- 0.7 mm (range: 60.4-64) in males and 61.3 +/- 0.9 mm (range 52.4-68.5) in females. No significant differences were found between sexes in terms of body size, but the sexual dimorphism index (SDI), was determined as 0.03, indicating a weakly malebiased. Adult survival rate and adult life expectancy were estimated to be 0.51 and 2.54 for female individuals, respectively. The lizards reached sexual maturity between 2 and 3 years. No significant difference was found between the sexes in terms of age and head sizes. The age and SVL were correlated only in females. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found among SVL, head length (HL), and width (HW) in females.
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    Genomic Variation within Laudakia stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sauria: Agamidae in Turkey, Based on Analyses of Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Sequences
    (Medwell Online, 2011) Ozdemir, Nurhayat; Gul, Cigdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    The starred agama, Laudakia stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) has a wide distribution from Northern Africa to Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia and was thought to form two subspecies, Laudakia stellio-stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Laudakia stellio-daani in Turkey. Almog examined specimens from Greece, Aegean Islands and Anatolia for exploring the systematic status of L.s. daani relative to L.s. stellio. They recognized the whole Anatolian populations as L.s. daani indicating that the question of the eastern boundary of the subspecies remains open, Delos and Mykonos populations as L.s. stellio and emphasized the ambiguity of the taxonomic status of South-east Anatolia populations. So partial sequences (404 bp) of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene of six populations were sequenced to examine the genomic variation of the species in Anatolia. The analyses clearly suggest that two distinct mtDNA lineages exist in Turkey separated by 2.28 and 4.51% for the 12S rRNA sequences and conclude that the South, Blacksea and Aegean regions may represent L. stellio-daani because morphologically they fit the subspecies L.s. daani, however the southeast region remains to be addressed.
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    Genomic variation within Laudakia stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sauria: Agamidae) in Turkey, based on analyses of mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences
    (2011) Ozdemir, Nurhayat; Gul, Cigdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    The starred agama, Laudakia stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) has a wide distribution from Northern Africa to Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia and was thought to form two subspecies, Laudakia stellio-stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Laudakia stellio-daani in Turkey. Almog examined specimens from Greece, Aegean Islands and Anatolia for exploring the systematic status of L.s. daani relative to L.s. stellio. They recognized the whole Anatolian populations as L.s. daani indicating that the question of the eastern boundary of the subspecies remains open, Delos and Mykonos populations as L.s. stellio and emphasized the ambiguity of the taxonomic status of South-east Anatolia populations. So partial sequences (404 bp) of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene of six populations were sequenced to examine the genomic variation of the species in Anatolia. The analyses clearly suggest that two distinct mtDNA lineages exist in Turkey separated by 2.28 and 4.51 % for the 12S rRNA sequences and conclude that the South, Blacksea and Aegean regions may represent L. stellio-daani because morphologically they fit the subspecies L.s. daani, however the southeast region remains to be addressed. © Medwell Journals, 2011.
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    Molecular systematics and phylogeography of Bufotes variabilis (syn. Pseudepidalea variabilis) (Pallas, 1769) in Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2014) Ozdemir, Nurhayat; Gul, Serkan; Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Jr.; Kutrup, Bilal; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Doglio, Stefano
    Although there have been several studies based on the molecular data of green toads, some ambiguities related to the systematics of these toads in Turkey still remain. Thus, we used combined mitochondrial genes (D-loop and 12S ribosomal RNA) to resolve these taxonomic problems. We also applied demographic analysis to elucidate the evolutionary history using these genes. We found 3 haplotype groups: 1 for Bufo viridis and 2 lineages for Bufotes variabilis, with only the latter represented in Turkey. This study showed a genetic diversity within Anatolian B. variabilis. Population genetic analysis of mismatch distributions, Tajima's D-statistic, and Fu's Fs test are consistent with a range expansion of the Bufotes variabilis group covering western Turkey. B. variabilis populations of lineage 1 and lineage 2, from western and eastern Anatolia respectively, are genetically identical. Mitochondrial DNA haplotype groups may reflect historical separation within B. variabilis. Our study indicated that allopatric distribution of B. variabilis within Anatolia occurred due to climatic shifts during the Pliocene. This study shows that Anatolia likely has served as a factor in vicariant species formation.
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    On the age structure of two samples of Lacerta trilineata BEDRIAGA, 1886, from different altitudes in Turkey (Squamata: Sarnia: Lacertidae)
    (Osterreichische Gesellschaft Herpetologie E V, 2018) Kalayci, Tugba Ergul; Gul, Cigdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Ozdemir, Nurhayat
    The authors studied the age composition in two samples (Edirne: 17 m a.s.l. and Bolu: 1,250 m a.s.l.) of Lacerta trilineata BEDRIAGA, 1886, in Turkey. Aging by skeletochronology showed that the maximum age of the lizards was about seven years in the Bolu and five in the Edirne sample. The adult survival rate was 0.59 % in males and 0.24 % in females of Bolu. The adult life expectancy was calculated as 2.94 years for males and 1.82 for females in the Bolu sample. Age at sexual maturity was two years in both samples. Although the mean age of the high altitude sample was older than of the low altitude sample, the mean snout-vent-length of the latter was longer.
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    Preliminary data on the age structure of Asaccus barani (Baran's leaf-toed gecko) from southeastern Anatolia, Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2015) Ergul Kalayci, Tugba; Altunisik, Abdullah; Gul, Cigdem; Ozdemir, Nurhayat; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    In this study, the age structure of an Asaccus barani sample from Sanliurfa (southeastern Anatolia, Turkey) was determined by skeletochronology for the first time. A total of 17 preserved adults (7 males, 10 females) were evaluated, and the maximum observed lifespan was recorded as 6 years in males and 5 years in females. The first line of arrested growth was partially eroded by endosteal resorption in 29% of individuals and completely eroded in 18%. The mean age was 3.85 +/- 0.50 years in males and 3.80 +/- 0.32 years in females; the mean snout-vent length (SVL) was 46.99 +/- 2.64 mm (range: 37.78-54.13) in males and 46.89 +/- 1.51 mm (range: 40.33-53.19) in females. There was no significant difference between sexes in terms of age and SVL. However, there was a positive correlation between age and SVL in both males and females.
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    Variation in body size and age structure among three Turkish populations of the treefrog Hyla arborea
    (Brill, 2012) Ozdemir, Nurhayat; Altunisik, Abdullah; Ergul, Tugba; Gul, Serkan; Tosunoğlu, Murat; Cadeddu, Giorgia; Giacoma, Cristina
    To determine how climate factors influence age, body size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in the Mediterranean region, we generated data on age and body size of the European Treefrog, Hyla arborea, in three Turkish populations with a latitudinal gradient. We estimated age structure (total n = 154), using skeletochronology. Mean body size of both sexes was smaller in a southern population (Antalya) than in northern populations (Canakkale and Rize) with female-larger SSD in the northern populations. A positive correlation was found between age and body size in each sex of all the populations, save the Antalya females. Since amphibian growth is reduced after maturity but continues towards the asymptotic size, interpopulation size differences may partly be explained by differences in longevity with four years in Antalya and five years in the other two populations. Comparing age and body size in three Turkish populations with those in three different populations (Greece, Switzerland and Germany) from the literature, there was a trend of South-to-North increase in body size with increased latitude and decreased temperature and aridity. The same trend occurred also in age structure (e.g., age at maturity/first reproduction, longevity). These results suggest that a difference in age structure between populations is a main factor for the geographic variation in body size of this species.
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    Variation in Body Size and Age Structure of Stellagama stellio (L., 1758) (Reptilia: Agamidae) from Turkey
    (Inst Zoology, Bas, 2014) Erguel, Tugba; Ozdemir, Nurhayat; Gul, Cigdem; Tosunoğlu, Murat
    Age and body size of 81 Stellagama stellio (syn. Laudakia stellio) specimens from five regions of Turkey were studied using skeletochronology. Lines of arrested growth (LAGs) in phalanges were used to estimate the age. Snouth vent length (SVL) ranged between 90.05 - 133.14 mm (mean: 109.58 +/- 10.26) in males and 86.24 - 130.43 mm (mean: 105.83 +/- 10.68) in females. Age ranged between 2-9 (mean: 5.34 +/- 1.63) in females and 3-10 years (mean: 5.72 +/- 1.82) in males. We did not observe any significant difference in terms of age and SVL between sexes. Intersexual differences in body size were male-biased (SDI =-0.03) but this relation was not statistically significant. A significant difference between the lowland (below 800 m) and mountain (above 800 m) populations was found in respect of SVL, with mountain individuals being larger than the lowland. A significant age difference between lowland and mountain populations was not found. A significant positive correlation was found between age and SVL both in males and females. Individuals reached maturity between 2 and 3 years.