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Öğe A comprehensive assessment of ambient air quality in Canakkale city: Emission inventory, air quality monitoring, source apportionment, and respiratory health indicators(Turkish Natl Committee Air Pollution Res & Control-Tuncap, 2020) Mentese, Sibel; Mirici, Nihal Arzu; Elbir, Tolga; Tuygun, Gizem Tuna; Bakar, Coskun; Otkun, Muserref Tatman; Oymak, SibelThis comprehensive study aims to examine the relationships between ambient air quality (AAQ) and respiratory health of the participants residing in three different towns of Canakkale city, Turkey between August 2013 and 2014. AAQ measurements for bioaerosols, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), total particulate matter (PM) count, carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) were performed and monthly pulmonary function test (PFT) was applied to volunteer participants residing in the study sites (n = 121) for one year. Additionally, concentrations of air pollutants for PM2.5/PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides, and ozone were gathered from AAQ monitoring stations. To estimate the contributions of the emission sources and their effects on human health in the region, an emission inventory was also prepared in the region and AERMOD modelling system was applied for the year of 2013. Accordingly, the industry was the most polluting sector for NOx and SO2, while road traffic and residential heating were the most polluting sectors for CO and PM10. Factor analysis revealed that organics, combustion, bioaerosol propagation, and ozone accumulation contributed to AAQ, in agreement with AQ modelling results. Can had the worst air quality (industrialized site), which affected the respiratory health indicators of the participants. Generalized linear model estimated that PF of the participants varied according to the residing district, gender, suffering from asthma, and lifelong smoking or environmental tobacco smoke exposure (p < 0.05). Also, PF of the participants were linked with VOCs levels in the Central town, total PM count in Lapseki, and ozone levels in Can (p < 0.05).Öğe Associations among exposure to microbial, organic, and inorganic indoor/outdoor air pollution and respiratory problems in different towns of Canakkale, Turkey(Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Mentese, Sibel; Otkun, Muserref Tatman; Bakar, Coskun; Mirici, Nihal Arzu; Cevizci, Sibel; Tasdibi, Deniz; Palaz, Elif[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Associations between respiratory health and ambient air quality in Canakkale, Turkey: a long-term cohort study(Springer Heidelberg, 2018) Mentese, Sibel; Bakar, Coskun; Mirici, Nihal Arzu; Oymak, Sibel; Otkun, Muserref TatmanFew epidemiological studies investigating the association between air pollution and health are available in Turkey. The aim of this cohort-type study is to examine the relationships between ambient air quality, respiratory diseases, and decreases in pulmonary function over a year in three different towns in Canakkale: Canakkale Central town (region I), Lapseki town center (region II), and Can town (region III). Region III had four different sub-regions, which were Can town center (region III-A), and the villages located around Can town, namely Durali (region III-B), Kulfal (region III-C), and Yuvalar (region III-D). In the first stage of the study, a detailed questionnaire was completed by the participants (n = 1152) in face-to-face interviews and pulmonary function test (PFT) was performed. In the second stage of the study, PFT measurements were repeated 1 year after the first stage. Particulate matter, SO2, NO2, and ozone were gathered from air quality monitoring stations located in the centers of the three regions. The most polluted area was region III, while region I and region II were the least polluted areas. The risk of pulmonary function decline throughout a year was 2.1 times higher in region III, 2.4 times higher both in regions III-B and III-C, and 1.6 times higher for smokers in all regions. In the present study, ambient air quality was worse in region III (industrialized region), which influenced PFT scores and the prognostics for chronic respiratory diseases. The findings of this study should be considered for future investment plans in this region related to human and environmental health needs.Öğe Comparison of dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol and Sabouraud dextrose agar with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol for airborne mold sampling(Springer, 2017) Mentese, Sibel; Otkun, Muserref Tatman; Palaz, ElifThe more the mold species isolated on a culture medium, the more the sampling environment is represented accurately. According to the sampling purpose, it is crucial to use the best culture medium for mold. However, no study is available regarding the comparison of dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) and Sabouraud dextrose agar with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol (SDA-CHX-CHL) culture media in terms of their application for airborne sampling, isolation, and identification of fungi. Airborne mold samples were impacted onto both DRBC and SDA-CHX-CHL, simultaneously using single-stage Andersen sampler. The limit of detection (LOD) value for airborne mold count was 7 CFU m(-3) (1 colony growth on the Petri dish). The total mold counts (TMC) ranged between < 7 and 504 CFU m(-3) (med 56 CFU m(-3)) and < 7 and 1218 CFU m(-3) (med 259 CFU m(-3)), collected on SDA-CHX-CHL and DRBC, respectively. Significantly higher TMC were observed on DRBC than on SDA regardless of the sampling environment (i.e, indoor or outdoor) (p < 0.05). Among the most predominant mold genera, observation frequencies of Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. on both culture media were found to be more than 70%. Observation frequencies of Cladosporium spp., Alternaria spp., and yeast were found to be higher in samples collected on DRBC than those on SDA-CHX-CHL. Finally, DRBC was found to be superior to SDA in terms of both number of colonies and number of genera isolated from the air.Öğe Epidemiological Evaluation of a Rapidly-Prevented Tularemia Outbreak in Canakkale Province, Turkey(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2011) Otkun, Muserref Tatman; Alper Akçalı; Karadenizli, Aynur; Ozbey, Nilgun; Gazel, Deniz; Sener, Alper; Guclu, OguzTularemia is a disease caused by Francisella tularensis and widely seen at northern hemisphere of the world. In Turkey, oropharyngeal infections caused by a less virulent serotype F.tularensis subsp. holarctica are more prevalent. The aim of this study was to present the results of an epidemiological research performed after the detection of tularemia cases from Biga county of Canakkale province, Turkey, in December 2009. Following the report of two tularemia suspected cases from two villages (Baliklicesme and Sinekci) of Biga, an epidemiological investigation was undertaken to inspect the situation in this area. Water samples, clinical samples as throat swabs, wound swabs and serum samples were collected. Samples were cultured on heart agar supplemented with sheep blood, cysteine and antibiotics. Cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C in 5% CO(2) and followed for 10 days. Suspected colonies were identified by slide agglutination test using F.tularensis antisera. F.tularensis antibodies were investigated by standard tube agglutination method. Positive results obtained with agglutination test were also checked for a probable cross-reaction with Brucella antibodies by Rose-Bengal test. Water and wound samples were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT Taqman PCR; Quantica, Techne Inc, UK) with probe and primers specific for ISFtu2 gene. All of the cultures yielded negative results, however eight of 16 water samples, one lymph node aspirate and one throat sample were found positive in F.tularensis TaqMan RT-PCR test. In tube agglutination test positive antibody titers between 1:20-1:1280 were detected in 36 of 115 serum samples. Two cases with antibody titers of 1:1280 and accompanying acute clinical findings, were diagnosed as tularemia and treated accordingly. Lymphatic drainage fluid samples obtained from one of these patients yielded positive result in PCR, however clinical sample could not be obtained from the other patient. The only epidemiological linkage between these acute cases (n= 2) and the other seropositive subjects (n= 34) was the use of local water supply system. It was learned that water obtained through reverse osmosis system had been used as drinking water at Baliklicesme village. Pre- and post-reverse osmosis system water samples from Baliklicesme village and samples from water supply of Sinekci village revealed positive results for F.tularensis by PCR. Since the only epidemiological relation between these two villages was using local water supply, tularemia cases encountered in this area were attributed to a water-borne epidemic and an automatic chlorination system was set up at each water reservoir in these villages. The establishment of these preventive measures curbed the growth of the epidemic. The cases presenting with throat sore, fever, lymphadenopathy (more than 2 cm), non-responsive to beta-lactam antibiotics, should be further investigated for tularemia. This work emphasizes that systematic setup and control of water disinfection systems are crucial to prevent tularemia outbreaks. Community and related authorities should be educated about the importance of water sanitation and chlorination.Öğe Hepatitis B Seroprevalance Among Health care Workers in a Tertiary Hospital(Galenos Yayincilik, 2013) Alper Akçalı; Sener, Alper; Otkun, Muserref Tatman; Akgoz, Semra; Otkun, Ali MetinObjective: In this study it is aimed, to determine the seroprevalence of HBV in health care workers in our hospital and to determine the factors that affect the epidemiology of transmission. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were taken from those of the hospital employees between June 2009-June 2010 and a questionnaire was held. Samples were tested for HBsAg, antiHBs and antiHBc total with MEIA method with an autoanalyser. Results: The mean age of the study group was 30.9 (+/- 6.9) and 100 men, 156 women participated on a voluntary basis. Professions were grouped as, 95 doctors, 60 nurses, midwives, 26 technicians, 16 laboratory technicians, biologists, 13 nurses, 19 cleaners, 27 administrative and technical staff. 188 people under 10 years, and 68 people over ten years worked in the field of health care. In this study, 22 people found contacted with HBV (8.6%), 234 persons (91.4%) were not contacted with HBV, 166 of them (64.8%) were vaccinated. One person (0.4%) were positive for HBsAg. None of the nursing aides was vaccianted, 26.3% of cleaning workers were found to be vaccinated. According to the results of laboratory tests, among needle injured person in the last year, being vaccinated (25 persons, 89.3%) and to have prior infection (27 people, 96.4%) rates were significantly higher (p = 0.003). By multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis to determine the factors that affect transmission of hepatitis B, none of the variables was observed as a significant factor (p> 0.05). Conclusion: HBsAg seroprevalence is very low compared to other studies in our hospital. Vaccination rate is high. However, nurses and cleaning personnel vaccination rate found particularly low. Considering that these services are carried out in health care settings by frequently changing personnel, training and vaccination of these individuals should be planned before starting the work. While needlestick and sharp injuries were seen mostly by people those previously infected or vaccinated, this suggest that these people must be trained and informed again about bloodborne infectious agents like HBV and others.Öğe In vitro activity of methylene blue and eosin methylene blue agar on colistin-resistant A. baumannii: an experimental study(Microbiology Soc, 2019) Gazel, Deniz; Otkun, Muserref Tatman; Alper AkçalıIntroduction. Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic used against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB); however, colistin resistance has been reported recently. Methylene blue (MB) is used in microbiology for staining, and in medicine as an antidote drug. Aim. We aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of MB and eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar against colistin-resistant AB strains. Methodology. Firstly, a standard strain and AB clinical isolate were included in the study. After determining MICs, two strains were transformed into colistin-resistant forms, using Li's method. At each step, new MICs were determined and subcultures were inoculated onto EMB and sheep blood agar (SBA). Colistin MICs of the subcultures were also determined using Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) containing MB. Secondly, colistin-resistant clones from 31 multidrug-resistant AB clinical isolates were screened to investigate their susceptibilities to EMB agar. Results. In the first round, MICs of both strains had risen to 64 mu g ml(-1). Subpopulations with high colistin resistance were inhibited by MB and EMB agar, but could grow well on SBA. In MHA plates containing MB, the MICs decreased to 0.5 mu g ml(-1) for colistin-susceptible or moderately resistant clones. Additionally, clones with high colistin resistance showed atypical colony morphology on SBA. In the second round, 35% of the clinical isolates, which had gained resistance to colistin, were inhibited by EMB agar. Conclusion. MB may have inhibitory effects against colistin-resistant AB. Secondly, using only EMB agar for subculturing may cause missing of colistin-resistant strains.Öğe Indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria in child day-care centers in Edirne City (Turkey), seasonal distribution and influence of meteorological factors(Springer, 2010) Aydogdu, Halide; Asan, Ahmet; Otkun, Muserref TatmanThis paper presents information about airborne mesophilic bacteria in the indoor and outdoor air of child day-care centers (CDCCs) in the city of Edirne, Turkey. Air samples were collected using the Petri plate gravitational settling method from the indoor and outdoor air of CDCCs. Counts of airborne bacteria were measured as colony forming units (CFU) collected by gravity onto Brain Heart Infusion Agar plates (with 5% sheep blood). Samples were taken monthly over a period of 12 months between January and December 2004. A total of 3,120 bacteria colonies were counted on 192 Petri plates. Four groups of culturable bacteria were identified: Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive bacilli, endospore-forming Gram-positive bacilli, and Gram-negative bacteria. Airborne Gram-positive bacteria were the most abundant at more than 95% of the measured population. While Gram-positive cocci were more common in indoor environments, Gram-positive bacilli were more dominant in outdoor air. Bacteria commonly isolated from CDCCs were identified at a genus level. Staphylococcus (39.16%), Bacillus (18.46%), Corynebacterium (16.25%), and Micrococcus (7.21%) were dominant among the genera identified in the present study. The dominant genera identified in the day-care centers were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Corynebacterium for indoor air and Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Staphylococcus for outdoor air. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, and Corynebacterium genera were found in samples from every month. Bacterial colony counts were compared by sampling location (indoors and outdoors), seasons, and meteorological factors. We found negative correlations between the monthly total outdoor bacterial counts and the sampling day's average relative humidity and average rainfall, and the monthly average rainfall. Fluctuations in bacterial counts in different seasons were observed.Öğe Ocular aspergillosis: Obtaining a specimen is crucial for diagnosis. A report of three cases(Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Comez, Arzu Taskiran; Komur, Baris; Alper Akçalı; Otkun, Muserref TatmanAspergillus species have been implicated in a wide variety of primary ocular conditions, characterized by either slow and asymptomatic infection, or rapid, uncontrollable progression and sometimes death. The study design is a case series including chronic asymptomatic dacryocystitis, dacryocystitis with dacryoliths and endogenous endophthalmitis. Due to this variable clinical presentation of aspergillosis a high level of suspicion must be maintained as fulminant aspergillosis may lead to a rapidly progressive infection which may result in death. (C) 2012 International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Relationship between Helicobacter pylori Adenotonsillar Colonization and Frequency of Adenotonsillitis in Children(Galenos Publ House, 2013) Guclu, Oguz; Alper Akçalı; Şahin, Erkan Melih; Tekin, Kazim; Barutcu, Ozan; Otkun, Muserref Tatman; Derekoy, Fevzi SefaBackground: There are insufficient data in the literature on the presence of Helicobacter pylori in tonsil and adenoid tissue of patients with only airway obstruction. This study examined the presence of H. pylori in surgical cases with airway obstruction or recurrent infection. Aims: To investigate the relationship between H. pylori adenotonsillar colonisation and the frequency of adenotonsillitis and to compare paediatric and adult patients according to H. pylori tonsillar colonisation. Study Design: Prospective clinical trial. Methods: Patients scheduled for adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy were classified into three groups based on indications: paediatric infection (n=29), paediatric obstruction (n=29) and adult infection (n=12). Tissue samples obtained from patients were examined for the presence of H. pylori by culture, rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction. Results: Forty-nine tonsil tissues were examined. Positive results were found in two specimens with the rapid urease test (4.1%) and three with polymerase chain reaction examination (6.1%). Only three positive polymerase chain reaction results (5.8%) were identified in 52 adenoid tissue samples. There were no statistically significant differences in the presence of H. pylori between paediatric infection and obstruction groups or between paediatric infection and adult infection groups. Conclusion: In our study, there was a low incidence of H. pylori colonisation in tonsil and adenoid tissues. Regarding H. pylori colonisation, there was no significant difference between paediatric infection and obstruction groups. Also, no significant difference was found between adult and paediatric cases.Öğe The Effect of Systemic Carnitine Administration on Colon Anastomosis Healing in an Experimental Sepsis Model(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2015) Ercan, Umut; Kiraz, Asli; Cikman, Oztekin; Turkon, Hakan; Kilinc, Nihal; Otkun, Muserref Tatman; Ozkan, Omer FarukAim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine, with its known antioxidant properties and positive effects on wound healing, on the healing of colon anastomosis in a cecal ligation and puncture sepsis model in rats.Materials and Methods: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 (n = 10). Groups 1 and 2 had laparotomy and colon anastomosis performed. Groups 3 and 4 had cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and colon anastomosis performed. Rats in Groups 1 and 3 were given 15mL/kg intraperitoneal 0.9% isotonic NaCl, while the rats in Groups 2 and 4 were given 100mg/kg intraperitoneal L-carnitine. On the postoperative fifth day, the rats were sacrificed and the burst pressure of anastomosis, histopathological effects, and tissue hydroxyproline levels were investigated.Results: In Groups 2 and 4, the anastomosis burst pressure and histopathological results in both noninfected abdomen and presence of peritonitis were statistically high compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Though the hydroxyproline levels were also high, there was no statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05).Conclusions: The findings obtained from the experimental sepsis model showed that healing of anastomosis in both the presence of peritonitis and noninfected abdomen was positively affected by the systemic administration of L-carnitine and this may contribute to the safety of anastomosis.Öğe What Should be the Antibiotic Preference in the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis?(Galenos Publ House, 2010) Eser, Ilker; Alcali, Alper; Comez, Arzu Taskuran; Komur, Bans; Ozbey, Nilgun; Otkun, Muserref TatmanPurpose: To investigate the pathogens associated with bacterial conjunctivitis and the in vitro antibiotic sensitivities of these bacteria. Material and Method: Forty-seven (27 female, 20 male) patients with a mean age of 43.7 26.4 (range: 1-84) years, who referred to our out-patient clinic with complaints of burning sensation, stringy discharge and hyperemia between December 2008 and March 2010, who were diagnosed with acute bacterial conjunctivitis, and had no history of any systemic or topical antibiotic use were induded in the study. Samples were taken from both eyes using cotton swabs, cultured onto chocolate and blood agar, and prepared for Gram staining. The identification of organisms was performed by Vitek2 compact system (bioMerieux, France). Antibiograms were evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria by disc diffusion method. Results: Twenty-nine of 47 (61.7%) samples were culture-positive. The most common isolated bacteria were coagulasenegative staphylococci (16 cases, 55%). For them, the most sensitive antibiotics, given in decreasing order, were as follows: vancomycin (100%, 21/21), netilmicin (95.7%, 22/23), chloramphenicol (92.6%, 25/27) and tobramycin (91.3%, 21/23). Fluoroquinolones were relatively less sensitive: ofloxacin (75%, 21/28), moxifloxadn (75%, 18/24), dprofloxacin (73.1 %, 19/26). Discussion: Netilmidn, chloramphenicol and tobramydn were found to be more sensitive compared to fluoroquinolones in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Using these antibiotics as an empirical treatment, taking conjunctival culture of particular cases prior to treatment, and antibiotic switching according to antibiogram will be the most reasonable approach in case of no response to treatment.
