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    Identification of four autochthonous yeasts from the intestines of goldfish, Carassius auratus with potential probiotic properties and their effects on the most common fish bacterial pathogens
    (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Taha, Mohanad Dheyaa; Didinen, Behire Isil; Onuk, Ertan Emek; Metin, Secil; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Mohamed, Abdiasis Ahmed; Pakir, Sirri
    In aquaculture, probiotic yeasts have gained particular interest because of their numerous health benefits for farmed fish. Many autochthonous yeasts have been isolated and identified from fish species with potential probiotic characteristics. In the present study, four autochthonous yeast strains were identified and characterized from the intestinal tracts of 16 healthy goldfish, Carassius auratus. Their in vitro probiotic properties were examined in terms of cell surface hydrophobicity, co-aggregation, and tolerability to different pH values and bile salt concentrations. These strains were identified by culture characters and sequence analysis of ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) gene regions. Four strains, namely Cutaneotrichosporon jirovecii isolate jpn01, Debaryomyces nepalensis isolate jpn02, Blastobotrys proliferans isolate jpn05, and Diutina catenulata isolate jpn06, were identified and added to the NCBI GenBank with accession numbers defined as MT584874.1, MT584873.1, MT649918.1, and MT501155.1, respectively. Results demonstrated the capability of these strains to co-aggregate with several fish-associated bacterial pathogens such as Lactococcus garvieae, Vagococcus salmoninarum, Vibrio anguillarum, Yersinia ruckeri, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Only the jpn05 strain did not co-aggregate with A. hydrophila. All identified yeast isolates could grow and tolerate low pH conditions (pH 2.0) and bile salt concentrations (up to 1.5%). Of interest, the hydrophobicity (%) of the yeast isolates was 80%, 94.0%, 80.6%, and 66.4% for jpn01, jpn02, jpn05, and jpn06 isolates, respectively. In this context, our data provide important in vitro evidence for the potential probiotic features of the yeast isolates. These strains could be considered candidate probiotic yeasts; however, their application in aquaculture nutrition necessitates further in vivo assays.
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    Identification of new yeast strains, Candida zeylanoides Y12-3 and Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii Y12-1, from the intestinal tract of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, with potential probiotic characteristics
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Çaylı Bektaş, Özge; Didinen, Behire Işıl; Onuk, Ertan Emek; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.
    In this study, 2 yeasts, Candida zeylanoides isolate Y12-3 (MN073455.1) and Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii isolate Y12-1 (MN073489.1), were isolated from rainbow trout hindguts. Their identity was confirmed by amplification of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions. Their in vitro probiotic properties showed that they were hydrophobic and did not inhibit bacterial growth. However, they displayed positive co-aggregation with several bacterial pathogens. It was interesting that Y12-1 and Y12-3 isolates survived and grew well in bile salt concentrations ranging from 0.6% to 1.5% and at low pH conditions. After a 35-day feeding trial, the results of dietary incorporation of the yeast isolates showed that serum myeloperoxidase activity was unchanged in the treated and control groups. Meanwhile, serum lysozyme activity in yeast groups was decreased significantly compared to the control. However, fish fed with Y12-1 had higher total protein, albumin, and globulin than other groups. Total cholesterol levels were decreased significantly in yeast groups compared to the control. Interestingly, the Y12-1 and Y12-3 groups showed higher survival (69.05% and 80.95%) after the challenge with Lactococcus garvieae compared to the control (45.24%). In brief, the aforementioned findings showed that Y12-1 and Y12-3 strains could be potential probiotic candidates for use in rainbow trout farming.