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    Biological, serological, and molecular characterization of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from different citrus cultivation regions of Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2008) Korkmaz, Savaş; Cevik, Bayram; Onder, Serkan; Koc, N. Kemal
    Field surveys were carried out in 5 different citrus cultivation regions of Turkey in 2005 and 2006, and 201 samples were collected from different citrus species. Samples were tested for the presence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). While DAS-ELISA showed that 41 trees were infected with CTV, an additional 13 trees were found to be positive based on RT-PCR. When CTV-positive samples were tested with the Western blot method using the monoclonal antibody MCA13. which is specific to severe isolates of CTV. 32 isolates, mostly from satsuma, were found to be positive. These isolates were then verified by bidirectional/PCR (BD/PCR), allowing differentiation of the MCA13 positive and negative isolates, and detection of mixed infections. The BD/PCR results were generally in agreement with the results of the Western blot assay with MCA13. In total, 28 isolates representing different geographic locations and hosts were selected for biological indexing. Although none of these 28 isolates induced any symptoms in sour orange, grapefruit, or sweet orange, all isolates induced the vein clearing symptom in Mexican lime. Additionally, all the tested satsuma isolates and 1 kumquat isolate produced stem pitting in Mexican lime. The results revealed that potentially severe isolates of CTV are present in different citrus cultivation regions of Turkey.
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    Investigation of biological properties, double-stranded RNA patterns and antigen concentration in Satsuma Owari mandarins infected with Citrus tristeza virus in Aegean region of Turkey
    (Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008) Korkmaz, Savaş; Onder, Serkan; Gümüs, Mustafa
    In this study, biological properties and dsRNA patterns of nine Aegean region Turkish isolates of Citrus tristeza virus were investigated. In addition, CTV antigen concentration and effect of tissue sampling time taken from naturally affected Satsuma Owari mandarin plant grown in the field of Balikesir province were also determined. The results indicated that nine isolates graft inoculated to a set of indicator plants did not show any symptoms on sour orange, grapefruit and sweet orange plants or did not cause any stunting when compared with healthy control. However, all isolates showed vein clearing symptoms on Mexican lime. All nine strains showed full length of major dsRNA band of 13.3×106 Da MW on Madam Vinous plant. Moreover, they showed three full lengths of major or minor dsRNA bands with 2.0, 0.8 and 0.5×106 MW. All four different citrus varieties inoculated with KE-5 strain showed full length of major dsRNA. The additional two dsRNA of 0.8 and 0.5×106 MW were also detected as clear as full-length of dsRNA in four hosts, but recovery of these bands were less visible in sour orange. The highest ELISA value was obtained in March and April and then steadily decreased until September and then again gradually increased through December. ELISA value was the lowest in September. DsRNA recovery from a single isolate of CTV EK-2 grown in the field was good in March, April, May and June and it was poor in January, February, July, August, November and December. No dsRNA band was detected in September and October. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
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    Öğe
    Phylogenetic relationships and genetic structure of populations of turnip mosaic virus in Turkey
    (Springer, 2020) Korkmaz, Savaş; Cevik, Bayram; Karanfil, Ali; Onder, Serkan; Ohshima, Kazusato
    Surveys were carried out throughout Turkey and a total of 437 symptomatic samples were collected from winter vegetables and weeds, most of which belong to the Brassicaceae family. Testing the collected samples for the presence of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) by double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed that 117 samples were infected with TuMV. In total, 20 out of 117 TuMV-infected samples representing different regions and host plants were then selected and further analyzed for biological and molecular characteristics. As a result of biological indexing studies, two host infecting types of TuMV, i.e., B and BR were identified in Turkish TuMV isolates. The partial genomic sequences of the nuclear inclusion b protein and coat protein genes (NIb+CP region) of these isolates were determined. The corresponding sequence of the remaining 61 Turkish TuMV isolates were retrieved from GenBank for further analysis. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Turkish isolates fell into the basal-B, Asian-BR, and world-B phylogenetic groups. The evolutionary divergence value of Turkish isolates in the basal-B, Asian-BR, and world-B phylogroups were determined as 0.0026, 0.0134, and 0.0065 at nucleotide level; 0.0243, 0.0102, and 0.0129 at the amino acid level, respectively. Genetic structure analysis of Turkish TuMV isolates revealed that some isolates were admixed or had migrated among different subgroups. Our analysis provides the first depth study for the biological characteristics and genetic structures of Turkish TuMV populations.