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    A Closed Loop Automated Drip Irrigation System Based on Arduino Uno
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2024) Aktürk, İsmail; Koparan, Mert; Yıldırım, Murat; Mucan, Umut
    In recent years, the limited availability of irrigation water has made the optimal use of water a necessity. Successful irrigation practices in agriculture reduce excessive water usage and increase water use efficiency. Economical use of water can be made possible through modern irrigation systems. Nowadays, automatic control systems in agriculture have made significant progress and offer important advantages. In this study, a mini evaporation pan consisting of nested two cylinders was used (outer cylinder diameter 32 cm, inner cylinder diameter 27 cm, and both with a height of 20 cm) and the water remained at a constant level in both cylinders due to the notch beneath the inner cylinder. A water level sensor was placed inside the inner cylinder, and irrigation was activated based on the signal received from the sensor. The data from the sensor was processed by the microcontroller on the Arduino Uno, and three different irrigation applications were implemented by activating pumps connected to relays at 07:00, 14:00, and 21:00 o’clock, and then the mini-evaporation pan was refilled, and the system waited for the next irrigation period. The automation drip irrigation system maintained irrigation as a closed loop throughout the entire growth period of the lettuce plants using this approach. The addition of a fertilization unit to this system could make it more effective in plant production. The performance of the system will be significantly enhanced by enabling hardware that provides irrigation and fertilization to the plant according to its specific needs in terms of timing and quantity, along with appropriate software integration
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    Changes in the Major Antioxidant Compounds of Red Cabbage Under Water Stress Applied at Different Vegetative Growth Periods
    (Ankara Univ, Fac Agriculture, 2025) Erken, Okan; Yildirim, Murat; Kizilkaya, Bayram; Mucan, Umut
    Effective and efficient use of water resources has become an important issue in recent studies, where the impacts of climate change has become more apparent and alternative solutions are discussed. There, however, are limited studies that look at the impacts of water stress at different vegetative periods. For this reason, in this study, different levels of water treatment (0%, 30%, 70%) were applied to red cabbage at two stages of development (early and late vegetative) in a two-year field study. The effect of water stress on the major antioxidant compounds, as well as on yield and some morphological parameters were investigated. According to the findings, the least yield loss (22%) occurred in the early vegetative period of the second-year trial where 70% irrigation water was applied, while the highest yield loss (56%) was obtained during the early vegetative period of the first-year trial where no irrigation was applied. Biochemical analyses revealed that the highest accumulation of flavonoids, 0.83 mg g(-1), and anthocyanins, 1.51 mg g(-1), occurred in the early vegetative period with the trial that received no irrigation treatment. The phenolic compound content was determined as 1.62 mg g(-1), and the antioxidant capacity was found to be 1.93 mg g(-1) during the late vegetative period in the trials without irrigation treatment. These findings suggest that in regions with limited water resources, water conservation can be practiced during different vegetative periods in order to get higher biochemical benefits with a lower yield loss when cultivating red cabbage.
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    Değişen iklim kuşağında doğrusal programlama yaklaşımı ile tarımsal su yönetimi
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2024) Mucan, Umut; Yıldırım, Murat; Gündoğdu, Kemal Sulhi
    Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale Biga Cihadiye Kaynarca göleti sulama sahasında yer alan tarımsal işletmeler için optimum bitki deseni belirlemeyi çalışılmıştır. Sulama sahasında yetiştirilen bitkilerin güvenilir yağış koşullarında mevsimlik su ihtiyacı CropWat 8.0 programında hesaplanmış ve sulama programları belirlenmiştir. Sulama sahasının büyüklüğü, yetiştiriciliği planlanan bitkilerin maksimum ve minimum alanları, birim alan için brüt kar miktarları göz önüne alınarak, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) ortamında doğrusal programlama yöntemiyle optimum bitki deseni belirleyen bir yazılım geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen yazılım sayesinde çiftçilerin yetiştirmek istekleri bitki tercihlerini dikkate alarak optimizasyon sonucunu tarımsal işletmelere dağıtmıştır. Bitkinin su ihtiyacı tamamen karşılandığı S1 (%100) seviyesinde sulama suyu miktarı belirlenerek kısıt konuları S2 (%70) ve S3 (%50) konuları oluşturulmuştur. Su kaynağındaki miktar belirli aralıklarla azaltılarak senaryolar oluşturulmuş ve sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Geliştirilen optimum bitki deseni modeli, CBS altyapısından da faydalanılarak geleneksel programlara göre daha hızlı sonuçlandırmış ve sahip olunan su kaynağına göre harita üzerinde önerilen bitki deseni üretici parsellerine dağıtılmıştır. Bu çalışmada su kaynağının yetersiz olduğu durumda karar vericilere bilginin daha hızlı iletilmesini sağlamayı hedeflemiştir.
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    Öğe
    Determining the Irrigation Performance of Solar Panels Operating with a Sun Tracking System
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2023) Yücel, Muzaffer; Yıldırım, Murat; Mucan, Umut
    In this study, utilizing the relationship established between plant water consumption and solar radiation, an irrigation system was attempted to be automated through a PLC-controlled program for tomato plants grown in an open field. The system has obtained its required energy through solar panels, utilizing solar energy as its power source. The performance of the system has been attempted to be evaluated through the yield and quality parameters of the cultivated plants. The PV panels used in the system were equipped with a solar tracking system to pump more water at a lower cost. This has led to an increase in the efficiency of the panels. The solar radiation values obtained with a pyranometer sensor during irrigation were processed through the software written in the PLC's memory. The amount of water consumed by the plant the next day was calculated, and it was attempted to be automatically supplied to the plant's root zone at 10:00 am. The system has been made continuous by being controlled with automation and SCADA. The development of the plants, temperature, humidity, and radiation levels were measured, and the system's performance was attempted to be determined based on these values
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    Drought Analysis of Çanakkale Province Based on Long-Term Climate Data
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2023) Mucan, Umut; Yıldırım, Murat
    The aim of this research is to analyse precipitation and investigate drought conditions by using long-term climate data obtained from the General Directorate of Meteorology. Using the data obtained in the study, precipitation analysis was performed using the HydroTSM package in the R program for the 1970-2022 time period of the Çanakkale central meteorological station and drought analysis was performed according to the standard precipitation index method. With the time series obtained because of these analyses, precipitation and drought data for many years were examined. Daily, monthly, annual and seasonal time series of precipitation were generated and it was determined that precipitation fluctuates irregularly according to the data obtained. Drought analyses were calculated at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36-month time intervals. It was determined that Çanakkale province experienced significant dry periods between 1970 and 2022. According to the results, it was determined that arid and mild arid distribution was more predominant, while humid and semi-humid periods were experienced. The years with the highest severity of drought are 1997, 2009 and 2020. In addition, as the time period of the analyses increases, drought severity and total drought periods are almost similar. Fluctuations in the precipitation regime and drought conditions determined for Çanakkale province were evaluated within the framework of agricultural water management and water resources planning
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    Influence of Simulated Tembotrione Drift on Growth and Yield of Drip-Irrigated Tomato
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Yıldırım, Murat; Kaya, Seçkin; Mucan, Umut
    Tembotrione is a herbicide belonging to the triketone group, which is commonly used for postemergence weed control in maize fields. However, its application can have unintended effects on plants growing on neighboring land, due to factors such as spray drift, carryover, and residue in soils. These off-target effects can potentially cause harm to non-target plants and ecosystems. Off-target application of tembotrione to tomato plants can result in negative effects such as various patterns of chlorosis and reduction in growth, yield, and quality. These effects can adversely impact tomato plants and their ability to produce healthy fruit. Field trials were conducted to explain the negative effects of tembotrione on tomato plants at a rate of 20% of the recommended dose specified on the label. Several growth parameters were measured during the trial to assess the impact of tembotrione on tomato plants: fresh and dry biomass of plants (g), leaf area (cm2), yield (kg plot−1), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), titrable acidity (%), soluble solid content (%), and pH. According to the results obtained, tembotrione negatively affected tomato plants. The applied dose of tembotrione mostly had a negative effect on the quality of both the tomato foliage and fruits. However, despite this negative effect, there was no statistically significant impact on the yield. In fact, the yield slightly increased as a result of tembotrione treatment. On the other hand, use of tembotrione caused a decrease in the marketable yield of tomatoes due to a reduction in the visual quality of the fruits. Additionally, the tembotrione drift simulation treatment resulted in an increase of approximately 17.5% in titrable acidity (TA).