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Öğe EFFECT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON DEVIATION FROM BILATERAL SYMMETRY AND SLAUGHTER WEIGHT IN BROILERS(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2013) Mirtagioglu, H.; Mollaogullari, A.; Genc, S.; Mendes, M.The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two different stocking densities (11 birds / m(2) and 17 birds / m(2)) on deviation from bilateral symmetry in broiler chickens. For this purpose, the weekly body weight, left and right shank length, shank width, wing length, face width and face length of the same birds were measured on from 7th to 42nd days of age. Repeated measurements analysis of variance was used to investigate the effect of stocking densities and ages (week) on relative asymmetry. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the most important morphological character influencing the deviation from ideal slaughter weight of 1800 g. The overall relative asymmetry mean for shank width was significantly greater in control group (2.42 +/- 0.41) than in treatment group (1.87 +/- 0.43). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that only increase in difference of width in left and right shank caused significant change (p= 0.0148) in slaughter weight. In this study, the deviation from the bilateral symmetry was mostly found in fluctuating asymmetry for the measured characters in treatment group (11 birds per m(2)), and the low fluctuating asymmetry level was generally indicated higher welfare level and lower developmental instability for this group than that of the control group (17 birds per m(2)). Stocking density can be stated as one of the most important environmental factors which may influence developmental stability, welfare and performance of broilers.Öğe INFLUENCE OF USING ALTERNATIVE MEANS ON TYPE-I ERROR RATE IN THE COMPARISON OF INDEPENDENT GROUPS(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2014) Mirtagioglu, H.; Yigit, S.; Mollaogullari, A.; Genc, S.; Mendes, M.In this study, the effect of using trimmed, winsorized, and modified means instead of arithmetic mean on type-I error rate was investigated when the assumptions of the one-way ANOVA were not satisfied. Therefore, random numbers were generated by simulation technique from the populations distributed by Normal (0,1), Beta (5,2) and chi(2) (3) for 3 and 4 groups. The results of 30 000 simulation trials demonstrated that all the means displayed similar type-I error rates when the variances were homogenous regardless of the distribution shape, sample size and the number of groups. When homogeneity of variances assumption was not satisfied, the most reliable result was obtained by using trimmed mean in terms of keeping the type-I error rate at nominal alpha level and it was followed by modified and winsorized means. The most biased results were obtained when arithmetic mean was used.