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    Distribution of the 3-AcDON, 15-AcDON, and NIV Chemotypes of Fusarium culmorum in the North-West of Turkey
    (Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2013) Mert-Turk, Figen; Gencer, Ramazan
    Fusarium culmorum isolates originated from diseased wheat plants showing crown rot and head blight symptoms in the 2009-2010 wheat growing season in the Canakkale, Balikesir, and Tekirdag Provinces in the North-West of Turkey. Fifty-six isolates were identified as E culmorum. The chemotypes of E culmorum known to produce the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives (3-AcDON and 15-AcDON) and nivalenol (NIV) were identified by PCR-based methods. Out of the 56 E culmorum isolates tested with Din PCR assays, one isolate yielded an amplicon similar to the size predicted for NIV production, while 55 yielded an amplicon corresponding to the size marker for DON production. Chemotyping assays by PCR showed that the DON chemotype of E culmorum was dominant among the population in all three provinces. Out of the 55 DON isolates, 16 and 39 isolates were 3-AcDON and 15-AcDON, respectively. Isolates collected from the same localities were not exclusively of a single chemotype. This is the first report demonstrating the presence and the geographic distribution of all three chemotypes on wheat spikes and crowns in Turkey.
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    Öğe
    Nitrogen and fungicide applications against Erysiphe cruciferarum affect quality components of oilseed rape
    (Springer, 2008) Mert-Turk, Figen; Gul, M. Kemal; Egesel, Cem O.
    Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in temperate climates. Erysiphe cruciferarum is an important disease of oilseed rape and causes crop loss in warmer areas of Europe. The research investigated the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and fungicidal treatment against powdery mildew infection caused by E. cruciferarum of oilseed rape on seed components, including protein, oil, oleic acid, linolenic acid and undesirable substances such as sinapic acid esters (SAE) and glucosinolates (GSL), using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Five susceptible oilseed rape varieties were employed in this research using four treatment groups: no nitrogen fertilization and no fungicidal treatment (N-0 - F-0); no nitrogen fertilization but fungicidal treatment (N-0 - F-1); and nitrogen fertilization but no fungicidal treatment (N-1 - F-0); nitrogen fertilization and fungicidal treatment (N-1 - F-1). Nitrogen fertilization increased the protein, but lowered the oil content, of the seeds. Fungicidal treatments significantly increased oil contents in all varieties tested, however reduced protein levels in fertilized and non-fertilized plots. The level of linolenic acid did not change significantly in any plots of any treatment combinations; a similar result was observed in the level of oleic acid in most of the genotypes. Nitrogen fertilization increased GSL and SAE levels, whereas fungicidal treatment had no effect. Our findings demonstrated that nitrogen fertilization can markedly influence some quality parameters in oilseed rape; however, the application of fungicides reduced side effects of nitrogen fertilizer and resulted a reduction on GSL, SAE and protein contents but an increase on total oil and oleic acid contents.