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    CHEMOTYPING OF THE FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM ISOLATES AND VARIATION IN AGGRESSIVENESS AGAINST WHEAT HEADS
    (Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2014) Mert-Turk, F.; Gencer, R.; Kahriman, F.
    Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat and other small grain cereals. FHB lowers grain yield and quality, and contaminates grain with mycotoxins, predominantly trichotecenes i.e nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON). A survey conducted at three Provinces in Turkey for FHB and 17 isolates were identified as F. graminearum using morphological and molecular markers. A PCR assay was carried out to identify the chemotypes of the isolates. Using Tri13 gene cluster, all 17 isolates that were identified to 15-AcDON type of DON chemotype. None of the isolates displayed 3-ADON or NIV chemotypes. In order to assess variation in aggressiveness among isolates, all isolates were inoculated to a susceptible wheat spikes at field conditions and disease severity and a thousand kernel weight were measured. Aggressiveness (measured as FHB severity or TKW) differed significantly among 17 F. graminearum isolates inoculated onto wheat spikes of FHB susceptible cultivar Gonen (P=0,05). Means of FHB severity ranged from 39.75 to 86.33%, averaging 63.29% in total. Reduction in TKW was also reduced significantly by different isolates. Differences in aggressiveness among isolates may due to genetic recombination, mutation or selection in the surveyed area.
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    Microsatellite and morphological markers reveal genetic variation within a population of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed rape in the Canakkale Province of Turkey
    (Wiley, 2007) Mert-Turk, F.; Ipek, M.; Mermer, D.; Nicholson, P.
    The genetic variation among a population of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum collected from oilseed rape fields in the Canakkale Province of Turkey was assessed using molecular and morphological markers. Seven microsatellite primer pairs (out of eight) revealed 32 clear polymorphic alleles among the 36 fungal isolates examined. An unweighted pair-group mean analysis dendrogram was generated using the genetic distance matrix with the 32 microsatellite alleles. The level of similarity was as low as 15% between some isolates indicating a high level of genetic diversity within the fungal population; 23 distinct isolates were found (at a genotypic diversity level of 63%). Among the collection of 36 isolates, 19 mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) were identified; 10 MCGs included at least two isolates. Molecular and morphological data suggest that most of the isolates within a single MCG were identical; however, the isolates belonging to the MCG2 and MCG4 had variable microsatellite haplotypes and were morphologically dissimilar. The data suggest that there is possibly a high rate of outcrossing as well as evolutionary potential within the population of the pathogen in oilseed rape fields. This is the first report demonstrating the genetic and morphological variation within a population of S. sclerotiorum in Turkey.