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    Analysis of secondary biochemical components in maize flour samples by NIR (near infrared reflectance) spectroscopy
    (Springer, 2020) Kahrıman, Fatih; Onac, Iskender; Oner, Fatih; Mert, Figen; Egesel, Cem Omer
    This study was carried out to determine whether it is possible to detect secondary biochemical components in maize flour samples by near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. Two hundred fifty maize samples were used as the material. Calibration models were developed for six different secondary biochemical components, namely amylose, amylopectin, lysine, tryptophan, zein, and phytic acid. The robustness of the calibration models (n = 200) was tested by external validation (n = 50). Results showed that NIR spectroscopy could be used to detect secondary quality components in maize. The most successful prediction model was for amylose content (SEP: 1.784%, RPD: 3.09, r = 0.963). Models for the other traits (amylopectin, zein, lysine, tryptophan, phytic acid) gave acceptable results (RPD > 2) for material screening purposes. Target traits subjected to calibration studies were found to be related to the different overtone regions of C-H, N-H and S-H bond vibrations in scanning the spectral region. It seems that it is necessary to improve the prediction performance of the models using different approaches, such as broadening the spectral area and/or using chemometric technique combinations.
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    Öğe
    Buğdayda Başak Yanıklığına Karşı Farklı Çiçeklenme Dönemlerinde Uygulanan Tebuconazole’un Etkinliği
    (2021) Palacıoğlu, Gülsüm; Mert, Figen
    Fusarium culmorum buğdayda kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğüne, fide ve başak yanıklığına neden olan tahripkâr bir patojendir. Patojenle mücadelede dünyada konukçu dayanıklılığı, kültürel önlemler ve fungisit uygulamaları yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak fungisit uygulamalarının hastalık gelişiminin önlenmesindeki etkinliği, bitkinin gelişme dönemlerine göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, buğdayda Fusarium culmorum’un neden olduğu başak yanıklığına karşı inokulasyon öncesi, esnası ve sonrası olmak üzere 7 farklı çiçeklenme döneminde uygulanan tebucanozole’un hastalık gelişimi ve nispi başak ağırlığı üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda yeşil aksam ilaçlamasında kullanılan tebucanozole’un tüm uygulamalarının kontrole kıyasla hastalık şiddetini önemli oranda azalttığı belirlenmiştir. F50 (ZGS65) dönemindeki uygulama %82.3 ile en yüksek etkiyi göstermiş ve hastalığa karşı en etkili uygulama zamanı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer çiçeklenme dönemlerinde yapılan uygulamalar arasında da istatiksel olarak önemli farklılıkların bulunduğu ve hastalık gelişimini %36.7-71.7 oranında engellendiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca hastalık gelişimi ile nispi başak ağırlıkları arasında ters orantı olup, enfeksiyonun en düşük olduğu F50 döneminde nispi başak ağırlığının en fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda hastalıkla mücadelede %50 çiçeklenme döneminde yapılacak uygulamalara öncelik verilmesinin faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
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    Öğe
    First report of Phytopythium litorale causing root rot of apple in Turkey
    (Springer, 2020) Mert, Figen; Turkolmez, Sahimerdan; Ozer, Goksel; Dervis, Sibel; Ciftci, Osman
    [Anstract Not Available]
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    Öğe
    Identification of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum Isolates via Conventional and Molecular Methods
    (Istanbul University Press, 2022) Yuksektepe, Beliz; Sefer, Ozlem; Varol, Gulin Inci; Teker, Tugba; Arslan, Mehmet; Cetin, Busra Nur; Mert, Figen
    Objective: Fusarium spp. cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot (CR) diseases. They also have harmful effects on animal and human health through their mycotoxins. Within the scope of this study, F. graminearum and F. culmorum isolates were purified from wheat ears and stalks contaminated with phytopathogens, which had been collected from various regions of Turkey, were identified and characterized by conventional and molecular methods. Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight Fusarium samples were isolated by single spore analysis and classified according to their macroconidia shape and size. Morphologically characterized samples were verified by amplification of SCAR markers. Their mating types (MAT) and chemotypes were also determined through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Thirty-eight F. graminearum and 30 F. culmorum isolates were identified via amplification of UBC85 and OPT18 SCAR markers, respectively. All isolates were determined as trichothecene producers by amplification of the tri5 gene. All F. graminarum isolates carry both MAT-1 and MAT-2 loci, whereas 7 of F. culmorum isolates were also determined as MAT-1 and 23 of them as MAT-2 mating types. Deoxynivalenol production capacity of all isolates was identified by tri13 amplification for chemotype determination. Conclusion: Routine monitoring of phytopathogens and their mycotoxin levels is a requirement since their annual levels may vary depending on environmental factors. This work provides knowledge about the distribution of Fusarium spp. leading to FHB and CR in different regions of Turkey between 2010 and 2020. Also, their chemotypes were demonstrated. Our studies will contribute to disease profiling and it is the first step in disease management. © 2022 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales. All rights reserved.