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    Detection of Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococci Species, emm, and Exotoxin Genes Isolated from Patients with Tonsillopharyngitis
    (Springer, 2020) Altun, Mehzat; Mericli Yapici, Binnur
    Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococci (GAS) is the most critical human pathogen that leads to tonsillopharyngitis. The aims of this study were to identify GAS isolates and to determine emm typing, the coverage rate of available vaccines, and the distribution of superantigen gene profiles. 15 GAS isolates were isolated from throat cultures of 200 patients with tonsillopharyngitis, who were admitted to Canakkale Health Application and Research Hospital between October 2017 and May 2018. Identification of the isolates was performed by conventional methods and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. emm typing and exotoxin profiling of the isolates were performed by polymerase chain reaction. 7.5% GAS was detected in 200 patients. All the GAS isolates were identified as S. pyogenes. emm typing can be carried out in 13 S. pyogenes isolates. emm89 (33.3%), emm44 (20%), emm6 (13.3%), emm84 (6.7%), emm1 (6.7%), and emm18.1 (6.7%) were found to be six emm types. The coverage rate of S. pyogenes strains for 26-valent vaccine was 61.5% and for the 30-valent vaccine 84.6%. The most common exotoxin was speB (86.7%), followed by speC (60%), speF (33.3%), ssa (26.7%), speA (20%), speM (20%), speJ (13.3%), speL (6.7%), and speI (6.7%). As a result of determining the emm types of S. pyogenes species in Canakkale, it was concluded that the potential of 30-valent vaccine should be considered in Turkey and development of vaccines containing exotoxin types may be beneficial.
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    Öğe
    Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Some Commercial Vegetable Extracts Used in Tanneries
    (Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2014) Ulas, Gulcin; Mericli Yapici, Binnur; Yapici, Ali Nail
    The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of eight different commercial vegetable tanning extracts used in the leather industry against bacterial and fungal isolates from tannery processes such as bearnhouse, tanning, and post-tanning processes. Two different concentrations (1% and 5%) of these extracts were used in order to determine their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Nutrient Agar and Malt Extract Agar were used for growing the bacterial and fungal isolates respectively, each containing 0%, 5%, and 10% NaCI. It was observed that all of the extracts were more effective against the bacterial isolates than the fungal isolates. It was also seen that extracts IV, VII, and II were more effective against bacterial isolates growing on 0%, 5%, and 10% NaC1 Nutrient Agar plates, respectively. Extracts I and II were found to be more effective against the fungal isolates growing on the Malt Extract Agar plates containing 10% NaC1, while no extracts had any antifungal effect on the NaCI-Irce and 5% NaC1 plates.