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    Design and development of an electronic drive and control system for micro-granular fertilizer metering unit
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) May, Sahin; Kocabiyik, Habib
    Desired fertilizer amount per unit area is one of the most important criteria in determining the fertilizer metering performance of applicators for plant production. Development of various application methods and metering systems with different advantages has been ongoing for years to apply the desired fertilizer amount at high accuracy. The objective of this study was to develop an electronic drive and control system (EDCS) for micro-granular fertilizer metering of precision planter and to investigate the effect of EDCS on the fertilizing accuracy and control parameters such as coefficient of determination (R-2), mean absolute percent error (MAPE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), intercept (beta(0)) and slope (beta(1)). Values for R-2, MAPE, MAD, beta(0) and beta(1) for all fertilizer rates were determined respectively as 0.992, 2.430%, 0.275 rpm, similar to 0.073 and 0.995 as a result of the trials carried out for roller speed. Measured rotation speeds of fluted roller managed by the EDCS were found to be very close to the set rotation speed calculated by the EDCS with regard to forward speed and the prescribed application rates. In addition, the coefficient of determination (R-2) 0.991, MAPE 2.434%, MAD0.0024 kg/da, beta(0) 0.081 and beta(1) 0.987 were obtained in trials performed by the EDCS at all fertilizer application rate and forward speed for two different micro-granular fertilizers. Furthermore, the experimental application rate values obtained by the EDCS were very close to the target/desired (set) value. The system yielded very fast and correct results, enabled a quick and simple setting possibility, synchronize and real-time control and the ability to work under higher forward speeds. There was no need for complex calibration and adjustment procedures. The results show that the EDCS can be used to apply desired rates for micro-granular fertilizer metering unit of precision planters.
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    Öğe
    Development of an electro-mechanic control system for seed-metering unit of single seed corn planters Part I: Design and laboratory simulation
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Cay, Anil; Kocabiyik, Habib; May, Sahin
    The performance of precision planters is very important for attaining uniform seed spacing. While a planter is on work, undesired situations such as spinning and slipping on ground wheel, vibration, seizing and jamming on the chain-sprocket systems may occur during the transfer of the motion from the ground wheel to the seed-metering unit especially at high operating speeds. In order to overcome these problems, it was aimed to develop an electro-mechanic drive system (EMDS) for seed metering units of a classic single seed planter. The performances of the EMDS and the classic drive system (CDS) were tested at three different operating speeds (v(f)) (5, 7.5, 10 km/h) and ten different seed spacing (z(t)) from 6 to 29.3 cm at laboratory. Both systems were compared regarding to the seed spacing uniformity. When the EMDS was used, the quality of feed index (I-qf), multiple index (I-mult), miss index (Hiss) and precision index (I-p,) were ranged as such: 2.91-95.36%, 0-1.73%, 4.45-97.09% and 8.79-22.14%, respectively. At the test of the CDS, the performance indices varied as such: Iqf 2.09-98.55%, I-mult 0-0.36% and I-miss 1.09-97.91%, I-p, 5.79-20.92%. Seed spacing uniformities were found as good and moderate for both systems. Average seed spacing values obtained from the EMDS were found to be closer to the theoretical seed spacing values compared with that obtained from the CDS. EMDS enabled the suggested optimum seeding rate, a quick and simple setting possibility, synchronize and real-time control, the ability to work under higher speeds, individual movement and control for each metering unit. However, EMDS should be tested to determine the success of the system in practice. Therefore, the field performance of EMDS with respect to plant spacing uniformity and operational parameters (variation among rows, fuel consumption and negative slippage) were examined in the following part of this study (Part II: Field Performance).
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    Öğe
    Development of an electro-mechanic control system for seed-metering unit of single seed corn planters Part II: Field performance
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Cay, Anil; Kocabiyik, Habib; May, Sahin
    Using single seed planters is important for a uniform distribution of plant growing area. Seed metering units of planters receive their motion from the drive wheel pass through various transmission members such as the chains, gears, shafts and belts. While the planter is being operated, the transmission system of the machine and drive system of the seed metering units naturally push the driving wheel. Because of this effect, the wheel experiences a loss of mobility or some sort of slipping. Consequently, all seed metering units are being affected due to the common mobility transmission system and changes in the desired plant spacing occur. In order to overcome these negativities, an electro-mechanic drive system (EMDS) alternative to classic driving system (CDS) was developed. Detailed information regarding the system design and laboratory simulation results of EMDS were provided in Part I of this study. In this part, it was aimed to investigate the effect of EMDS on the planting quality (plant spacing uniformity, variation among rows) and operational parameters (fuel consumption and negative slippage) in the field and compared with the CDS. While the quality of feed index (I-qf) 90.63%, multiple index (I-mult) 0.94%, missing index (I-miss) 8.44% and precision index (I-p) 17.63% were obtained in trials performed by the EMDS, I-qf 88.13%, I-mult 2.50%, I-miss 9.38% and I-p 17.81% were found in trials performed by the CDS. Plant spacing uniformity in the EMDS was found as good while it was moderate in the CDS, according to related criteria. Plant distribution uniformity in the EMDS were better than the CDS. Furthermore, the experimental plant spacing values obtained by the EMDS were closer to the theoretical (set) value than the values obtained by the CDS. The negative slipping in the planter's drive wheel was found as 1.33% at trials with the EMDS while it was 6.79% with the CDS. When the EMDS used in the field operations, it provided approximately 22% fuel saving compared with the CDS. The results promise that the developed system can be used as an alternative to the CDS for single seed planters. However, in order to provide a complete mechanical rapport between the EMDS and the planter, future studies, various structural improvements in the seed metering unit designs and optimization of the seed plate thickness, number of holes and connection methods may be required.
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    Öğe
    Development of an opto-electronic measurement system for planter laboratory tests
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Cay, Anil; Kocabiyik, Habib; Karaaslan, Bilal; May, Sahin; Khurelbaatar, Myagmarsuren
    Seed spacing uniformity is one of the important criteria in determining the planting performance of precision planters. The development of various measurement methods with different advantages has been ongoing for years to determine seed spacing. The objective of this study was to develop an opto-electronic measurement system for use in the measurement of seed spacing during the laboratory tests of precision planters and to examine the success of the system. The success of the developed system was tested by comparing the measurements on the sticky belt using 10 different seeds with different physical properties. The R-2, MAPE, e(i), beta(0) nu e beta(1) values for all seeds were determined respectively as 0.998, 3.60%, 0.484 cm, 0.022 and 1.012 as a result of the trials carried out. The system yielded very fast and correct results and there was no need for complex calibration and adjustment procedures. The opto-electronic measurement system can be used to measure seed spacing in laboratory tests for precision planters. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.