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    Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves: Possible Useful Additives to Enhance Reproductive and Growth Performance of Male Oreochromis niloticus
    (Central Fisheries Research Institute, 2025) Naz, Saira; Habib, Syed Sikandar; Acar, Ümit; Majeed, Saima; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Ullah, Mujeeb; Khayyam, Khayyam
    The current study aimed to test Moringa oleifera leaves extract on the growth and reproductive performance of male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). We purchased 420 healthy Nile tilapia (60.32±3.13 g) from the local fish farm for the feeding experiment. The fish were divided in triplicates into seven groups, including the control group, with each group consisting of 60 fish species (20 per glass aquarium). They were maintained in glass aquariums measuring 60×40×35 cm throughout the 60-day feeding trial. Experimental diets, incorporating various concentrations of M. oleifera extracts (0% 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%), were administered to the fish at 3% of their body weight. The results revealed that experimental diets significantly (P<0.05) increased the growth and reproductive performance of the Nile tilapia compared to the control group. M. oleifera significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormones. Furthermore, there was a progressive increase in the overall fertility rate with increasing concentrations of the plant extract. However, the overall performance of the fish decreased with increasing concentrations beyond 12%. The current study concluded that M. oleifera extract can be used to increase the fecundity and growth rate of the fish. © 2025, Central Fisheries Research Institute. All rights reserved.
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    Human health risk of heavy metal biomagnification: Trophic transfer patterns in aquatic ecosystems
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2025) Naz, Saira; Habib, Syed Sikandar; Arshad, Madeeha; Majeed, Saima; Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Mohany, Mohamed
    Background: Heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems poses significant ecological and human health risks, particularly through trophic transfer in food webs. Objective: This study investigates the mean concentrations and trophic transfer of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, and Pb) across various environmental compartments (water, sediment, plankton) and trophic levels (three fish species: Catla. catla, Labeo rohita, and Cyprinus carpio) in an aquatic ecosystem. Methodology: Samples were collected in 2024 and heavy metals in the samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results: Cu was most abundant in water (1.5-2.0 mu g/L) and sediments (20-25 mu g/g DW), while plankton accumulated high Cu and moderate Pb and Cr levels. Among fish, C. carpio showed the highest metal accumulation. Trophic magnification factor (TMF), which quantifies metal concentration trends across food chains, indicated biomagnification of Pb (TMF = 1.56) and Cd (TMF = 1.31), and biodilution of Cu (TMF = 0.64) and Cr (TMF = 0.73). Biomagnification factor (BMF), reflecting metal transfer from prey to predator, was highest for Pb in C. carpio (BMF = 3.89). Principal Component Analysis showed Cu and Pb enriched in sediments, while Cd was associated with plankton, indicating bioavailability at lower trophic levels. Although hazard index (HI) values were below the safety threshold for all fish species, C. carpio posed higher health risks due to elevated Cd and Pb levels. Conclusions: Overall, the study reveals significant biomagnification of Pb and Cd, posing ecological and health risks, while Cu and Cr show biodilution. Mitigation requires integrated management, including source control, monitoring, ecological remediation, and public awareness.
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    Influence of tulsi Ocimum sanctum extract on fish health: Growth, hematology, serum immune parameters, and antioxidant status in Common Carp
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2025) Habib, Syed Sikandar; Majeed, Saima; Rind, Khalid Hussain; Naz, Saira; Acar, Ümit; Cravana, Cristina; Ullah, Mujeeb
    Objective In aquaculture, the trend is shifting towards using plant-derived alternatives that are abundant in phytochemicals as effective replacements for traditional antibiotics and synthetic feed additives. In the present study, the effects of tulsi Ocimum sanctum extract on growth performance, hemato-biochemical indices, serum immune parameters, and antioxidant parameters in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio were investigated. Methods Common Carp (mean body weight ± SD = 10.6 ± 0.13 g) were fed experimental diets that contained tulsi leaf extract at 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% for 60 d (25 fish/treatment). Results The findings revealed a considerable enhancement in growth performance and a decreased feed conversion ratio, especially for the 1.0% tulsi-based diet. Additionally, weight gain and feed conversion ratio exhibited significance at both the linear and quadratic levels, as indicated by polynomial contrasts. The hematological and biochemical profiles exhibited improvements in groups receiving tulsi-enriched diets. The antioxidant status of fish serum exhibited a notable increase, as evidenced by elevated activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in fish that received the 1.0% and 1.5% tulsi-based diets. Tulsi-supplemented diets led to remarkable enhancements in serum lysozyme activity, alternative complement activity, and total immunoglobulin content. Moreover, tulsi supplementation at 1.0% and 1.5% showcased a significant reduction in serum glucose and cortisol levels compared to the other groups. Conclusions In conclusion, tulsi extract emerged as a valuable asset, positively influencing growth, blood parameters, antioxidant balance, and serum immune response in Common Carp, particularly at supplementation levels ranging from 1.0% to 1.5% in the diet.