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  • Küçük Resim
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    Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides targeting STATs in non-cancer gene therapy
    (Elsevier, 2025) Mahjoubin-Tehran, Maryam; Rezaei, Samaneh; Kesharwani, Prashant; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) protein family is crucial for organizing the epigenetic configuration of immune cells and controlling various fundamental cell physiological functions including apoptosis, development, inflammation, immunological responses, and cell proliferation and differentiation. The human genome has seven known STAT genes, named 1, 2, 3, 4, 5a, 5b, and 6. Aberrant activation of STAT signaling pathways is associated with many human disorders, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), making these proteins promising therapeutic targets. Improved understanding of altered and pathological gene expression and its role in the pathophysiology of various hereditary and acquired disorders has enabled the development of novel treatment approaches based on gene expression modulation. One such promising development is the oligodeoxynucleotide decoy method, which may allow researchers to specifically influence gene activation or repression. Various oligodeoxynucleotide decoys target STATs and affect the expression of its downstream genes. We summarized cell culture and preclinical research, which evaluated the effects of oligodeoxynucleotide decoys target STATs in different types of non-cancer illnesses.
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    Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides: A promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory skin disorders
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Mahjoubin-Tehran, Maryam; Rezaei, Samaneh; Karav, Sercan; Kesharwani, Prashant; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Chronic inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) impose a significant burden on both the skin and the overall well-being of individuals, leading to a diminished quality of life. Despite the use of conventional treatments like topical steroids, there remains a need for more effective and safer therapeutic options to improve the lives of patients with severe skin conditions. Molecular therapy has emerged as a promising approach to address disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and contact hypersensitivity. One strategy to counteract the disease processes involves targeting the transcriptional process. A novel form of gene therapy utilizes double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), also known as decoys, that contain cis-elements. By introducing these decoy ODNs through transfection, the cis-trans interactions are disrupted, leading to the inhibition of trans-factors from binding to the intrinsic cis-elements and thus regulating gene expression. In this review, we have summarized studies investigating the therapeutic effects of decoy ODNs on inflammatory skin diseases. Various transcription factors, including NF-kB, STAT6, HIF-1 alpha/STAT5, STAT1, and Smad, have been targeted and inhibited using designed decoy ODNs for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, hypertrophic scarring, and contact hypersensitivity. The findings of these studies confirm the significant potential of the decoy approach in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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    Nanozymes: A novel approach to upgrade atherosclerosis treatment
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2025) Mahjoubin-Tehran, Maryam; Kesharwani, Prashant; Alamahmeed, Wael; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Atherosclerosis has become a global health concern, contributing to the rise in cardiovascular diseases and causing significant morbidity and disability. The development of atherosclerosis begins with the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the subendothelial space. As LDL becomes trapped in the arterial walls, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, resulting in oxidative stress, impaired endothelial function, and oxidative modification of the retained LDL, forming oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). The oxidation of LDL to form ox-LDL is considered one of the most important factors in the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, there has been a growing interest in nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics called nanozymes in the field of biomedicine. The use of nanozymes has become increasingly popular because they offer solutions to the limitations associated with natural enzymes, including high costs, low stability, and challenging storage requirements. Nanozymes with anti-oxidative activities, such as catalase-, SOD-, and GPx-like nanozymes, have been extensively studied for various disease therapies, including atherosclerosis. Furthermore, nanozymes can be designed to have multiple enzyme-like activities. In this review, we aim to summarize studies that have used nanozymes as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The results of this study have shown that nanozymes have a significant impact in reducing atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE- /- mice. This effect is mainly achieved through ROS scavenging, which leads to the suppression of foam cell formation and inflammation.