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    Assessment of Serum Mineral and Certain Biochemical Variables in Self-Sucking Dairy Cows
    (Medwell Online, 2008) Bademkiran, Servet; Yokus, Beran; Icen, Hasan; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Kurt, Dogan
    Self-sucking, that is, a cow sucking on her own teats is an important and leading cause of economic loss. However, the causes of self-sucking are virtually unknown, although numerous possible influencing factors, such as feeding management, nutrient deficits, genetic factors and housing systems have been suggested. In this study, our main objective was to investigate the possible effects of mineral levels on self-sucking in dairy cows. Biochemical variables of blood serum were also investigated. Cows which self-sucked had significantly lower serum concentrations of Mn, Co, Zn, P, Na, Cl, K and total protein, compared with the control group. Levels of serum cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and ALP activity were significantly increased in the self-sucking group. There were no significant differences in serum levels of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, saturated Fe, iron binding capacity, urea, creatinin, uric acid, total bilirubin, amylase, gamaglutmyl transaminase, lactate dehidrogenase, creatin kinase, creatine kinase-MB, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities between the self-sucking group and the control group. The findings provide novel information about whether macro and micro element deficiency may cause self-sucking in dairy cows. An evaluation of our results supports the hypothesis that energy deficiency is a possible cause of self-sucking. Although the explanation is not clear, it may be related to decreased Co, Mn and P levels, which are important in carbohydrate and energy metabolism.
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    Effects of Lycopene and Vitamine E Administration Over Gastric Mucosal Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1
    (Medwell Online, 2009) Kurt, Dogan; Saruhan, Berna Guney; Yokus, Beran; Cakir, Dilek Ulker
    In the present study, we aimed to determine, the changes induced by Aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) administration on rat gastric mucosal barrier and gastric mucins alongside revealing the protective effects of lycopene and Vit E. Thirty-five Wistar-Albino male rats weighing 180-220 g, were divided into 7 groups as to include 5 rats in each group: control, lycopene (10 mg/kg/day lycopene for 15 days (Lycopene 10% FS), AFB(1) (single dose of 2.5 mg AFB(1) kg(-1) on the 12th day of the study), Lycopene + AFB(1) (10 mg lycopene/kg/day for 15 days and single dose of 2.5 mg AFB(1) kg(-1) on the 12th day of the study) and Vitamin E + AFB(1) (10 mg/kg/day Vitamin E for 15 days and single dose 2.5 mg AFB(1) kg(-1) on 12th day). Following the sacrifice of study subjects on the 15th day, gastric mucus and phospholipid levels were determined and their stomachs were examined histopathologically. Examination of mucus and phospholipid levels revealed a significant reduction in group 3-5, in which AFB(1) has been applied (respectively, p<0.001, p<0.001). When lycopene and vitamine E groups are compared with the AFB(1) group, a significant elevation was detected in mucus and phospholipid levels (respectively, p<0.001, p<0.001). Whereas, histopathological examination of gastric mucosas of the aflatoxin group showed degenerative changes, gastric mucosas of the control group and the remaining study groups were normal. Histochemically, while neutral mucins were predominant in general structure of stomach, mixed and sialomucins were observed, as well. Particularly acid mucins with suplhate and periodate reactive acid mucins were found to be more predominant in the aflatoxin group compared to control and other groups. Histochemical features of mucins were observed to be consistent with specific functions of the different regions of stomach. Lycopene and vitamine E administrations were found to be protective against the damage induced by aflatoxin on gastric mucosa.